中美湾区科技主体间专利转让网络结构演化对比研究

A Comparative Study on the Structural Evolution of Patent Transfer Network among Subjects in the China and the U.S.Bay Area

分别构建粤港澳大湾区(GBA)和旧金山湾区(SFBA)科技主体间专利转让网络并探测最大连通子图(PTN-S-M),利用社会网络分析及Pearson相关分析,对比中美湾区专利转让网络结构演化特征。结果发现:(1)相比SFBA,GBA的转让网络中,主体规模增长快速,但主体间转让关系的稳定性、开放性和持续性均不高,主体间专利转让活跃度较低;(2)SFBA的专利转让网络中核心主体间形成了强强联合结构,GBA的网络中则形成了以核心主体为中心的星型结构,强强联合态势不明显;(3)相比SFBA,GBA网络中核心主体的演化稳定性较低,说明核心主体进入和退出网络的行为频繁,竞争更激烈;(4)GBA网络中核心主体多位于广佛深莞,香港地区的科技主体在转让网络中的作用较弱,各城市科技主体在专利转让网络中的作用存在差异性和不平衡性;(5)GBA网络中高科技企业和运营类企业占据主导地位,大学和科研机构参与专利转让的活跃度不高;(6)GBA网络中形成了由"科技中介"驱动的专利转让模式,SFBA网络中形成了由"金融中介"驱动的专利转让模式。

Embedding patent transfer networks is a significant way for science and technology subjects in the China Greater Bay Area(GBA)to acquire core technologies and engage in collaborative innovation.Promoting the healthy operation of the GBA patent transfer network is of great significance in promoting inter-city technology flow and coordinated economic development,and helping the GBA to build a world-class city cluster and an international science and technology innovation center.At present,most domestic and foreign studies on GBA focus on inter-city patent transfer networks.This paper explores the structure and evolution law of patent transfer networks among science and technology subjects in GBA from the micro subject dimension and focuses on world-famous bay areas,conducts a comparative study on the structure of patent transfer networks in GBA and the san Francisco Bay Area(SFBA),reveals the regulation of network evolution,which can provides decision support for the governance of GBA patent transfer networks.This paper constructs patent transfer networks among science and technology subjects(PTN-S)of the GBA and the San Francisco Bay Area SFBA respectively,and detects the maximal connected sub-graphs(PTN-S-M),compares the structural evolution characteristics of the GBA’s and the SFBA’s patent transfer network by using social network analysis and Pearson correlation analysis.The results show that:①Compared with SFBA,the scale of subjects in GBA’s transfer network grows rapidly,but the stability,openness and sustainability of the transfer relationship between subjects are not high,and the activity of patent transfer between subjects is low;②In SFBA’s patent transfer network,a strong alliance structure is formed among the core subjects,while in GBA’s network,a star-shaped structure centered on the core subjects is formed,and the strong alliance is not obvious;③The evolutionary stability of the core subjects in GBA’s transfer network is lower than that of the SFBA,that is,the core subjects of the GBA enter and exit the important positions frequently and the competition among subjects is fierce;④The core subjects in the GBA network are mostly located in Guangzhou,Foshan,Shenzhen and Dongguan,and the role of subjects in Hong Kong is weaker in the transfer network,and there are differences and imbalances in the role of subjects in the patent transfer network in each city;⑤The GBA network is dominated by high-tech and operational companies,and universities and research institutions are not very active in patent transfer;⑥The GBA network has formed a patent transfer model driven by"technology intermediaries"and the SFBA network has formed a patent transfer model driven by"financial intermediaries".Based on the research results,this paper puts forward several considerations for the healthy operation of the GBA patent transfer network.First,encourage the establishment of innovation alliance networks relying on leading enterprises,and promote collaborative innovation and cross-border cooperation between industries,universities and research institutes in various modes such as co-establishment of laboratories,industrialization bases,special science and technology parks and open innovation platforms,so as to improve the stability and activity of associated R&D and patent transfer relationships among the GBA’s science and technology subjects.Second,strengthen efforts to eliminate institutional policy barriers,including:intellectual property,scientific research projects joint research system,high-level talent sharing and mobility system,etc.,to promote patent transfer and integration and innovation among cities and cross-city subjects in the GBA,especially by utilizing Hong Kong’s financial and technological resources to smooth the technology transfer and innovation cooperation channels between Guangzhou,Shenzhen,Dongguan,etc.and Hong Kong,Macao and foreign cities,so as to improve the overall effectiveness of the patent transfer network in the GBA.Third,upgrade the innovation mode of science and technology intermediary services in the GBA,and establish a new carrier and new platform for the innovation ecology of the GBA,especially with the guidance and support of the government,rely on intermediary services,integrate the technology,capital and expert resources of universities,research institutes,enterprises,financial institutions and other parties,so as provide whole-process services for demand mining and forecasting,supply-demand matching,technology transfer,etc.Fourth,explore the establishment of a new diversified science and technology financial service system,promote the deep bundling of science and technology and finance based on the whole life cycle of patent technology development so as transfer application,serve the original innovation and cross-border innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises,so as help the healthy development of patent transfer network in the GBA.