原油乳化及乳液稳定性的影响因素和破乳技术研究进展

Progress of effects on crude oil emulsification and emulsion stability and demulsification technology

随着油田开发的不断深入,原油含水不断增加,再加上多次采油技术的运用,原油乳化现象日益严重,原油破乳难度逐渐增加。本文详细综述了二元复合驱技术中典型聚合物和表面活性剂、酸化酸压措施、稠油降黏剂、各种措施和地层矿物相互作用产生的固体颗粒、铁等导电颗粒,以及集输工艺对原油乳化的影响规律,同时综述了化学法、物理法、物理-化学耦合法和生物-化学耦合法难破乳原油的处理工艺,指出为了提高原油破乳脱水效果,降低炼油加工难度,建议物理、化学和生物法耦合使用,以物理法为主,生物和化学法为辅。

With the deeply oilfield development,the water content of crude oil increases gradually and the multiple oil recovery technology is widely applied.The phenomenon of crude oil emulsification is increasingly prominent,and the difficulty of crude oil demulsification is gradually increasing.In this paper,the effects of typical polymer and surfactant,acidizing and acid pressing measures,heavy oil viscosity reducer on crude oil emulsification were reviewed in detail.The effects of the solid particles,iron and other conductive particles generated by the interaction between various measures and formation minerals on crude oil emulsification were also reviewed in detail.The influence of shearing action on crude oil emulsification was concurrently recorded.At the same time,the treatment processes of crude oil with difficult demulsification by chemical method,physical method,physical-chemical and biological-chemical coupling methods were reviewed.It was suggested to use the coupling methods,mainly physical methods and supplemented by chemical methods in order to improve the demulsification and dehydration effect of crude oil and reduced the difficulty of oil refining and processing.