定语、谓语位置形容词并列结构的用法模式

The Formation Patterns of Adjective Coordination Constructions in Attributive and Predicative Position in Mandarin

语言类型学研究发现,形容词构成的并列结构,黏合式优先作定语,组合式优先作谓语。现代汉语不完全符合此规律。如单音性质形容词构成的并列结构,组合式在两个位置都不受限制,而黏合式作谓语比作定语更自由。本文描写了现代汉语单/双音节性质形容词、状态形容词三者自身及跨类组合构成并列结构的规律,说明了各类形容词并列结构在两个句法位置上的用法模式,揭示了该现象的类型学特点。本文发现,已有研究提出的类型学规律是多因素共同作用的结果,现代汉语并非真的违反上述规律,其特殊性是现代汉语复合词发达和汉语特有的韵律模式导致的结果。

Studies of linguistic typology find adjectives in attribution position prefer to form asyndetic coordination constructions to syndetic one,and there is an oppositional tendency in the prediction position.The coordination constructions made of adjectives in Modern Chinese do not conform to the general rules above.Taking monosyllable stative adjectives as an example,this kind of adjective can form syndetic coordination constructions in both positions,but can only form natural coordination in attribution position.Besides this,this paper investigated usage pattern of disyllable stative adjectives,descriptive adjectives and syncretistic forms made from the three kind of adjectives.The results of exiting studies in linguistic typology are basically right,but the domain investigated is not broad enough,and there are some defects in the interpretation.This paper finds the rules above is the results of many factors,and Modern Chinese does not really violate the rule above,the particularity of Modern Chinese comes from the prominent status of compounds and the specific prosodic rules in Modern Chinese.