副词“偏”和“硬”的功能差异及主观化效应

The Functional Difference and Subjective Effect of Adverbs “Pian” and “Ying”

副词"偏"和"硬"皆由形容词转变而来,但两者在情态化基础、语言功能与主观化效应等方面存在差异。"偏"的主观性强于"硬","偏"多用于对整个场景或事件表现出发话人与相关人的情态立场,重在表示偏出预期,强调违愿性;而"硬"是说话人站在动作行为者角度对客观情状的观察、叙述与刻画,重在强调行为人的意志性与执拗性。文章从句法表现和语用功能两方面入手,刻画语气副词"偏"和"硬"不同的主观化效应,以此证明主观性有其可靠的形式与功能依据。

The adverbs “pian” and “ying” are both originated from adjectives.But their modal bases,language functions and subjective effects are different.Compared with “pian”,the subjectivity of “ying”is weaker to some extent.“Pian” is mainly used to express the modal position of the speaker(s) and the related person(s) to the whole scene or event,with the emphasis on expressing the deviation from the expectation and emphasizing the disobedience;“Ying” is mainly used to narrate and depict the objective situation from the perspective of the actor’s action,with emphasis on the willpower and stubbornness of the actor.This paper describes the different subjective effects of modal adverbs “pian” and “ying” at the syntactic,semantic and pragmatic dimensions respectively,which demonstrates that subjectivity has its reliable form and functional basis.