技术多元化对双元创新绩效的影响研究:基于正式与非正式制度环境的视角

The Impact of Technological Diversification on Ambidextrous Innovation Performance:From the Perspective of Formal and Informal Institutional Environments

基于资源基础理论和制度理论,利用上市公司财务、专利和市场化水平等数据,实证分析了技术多元化对双元创新的影响,以及正式和非正式制度环境的调节作用。结果表明,技术多元化对探索式创新具有显著地正向影响,而与利用式创新之间存在倒U型关系。正式制度环境增强了技术多元化对探索式创新的正向作用,而非正式制度增强了技术多元化对利用式创新之间的倒U型关系。正式与非正式制度环境的组合分析表明,当地区正式制度环境相对较为薄弱的情况下,非正式制度对正式制度起到很好的补充作用。

Technological diversification is a strategic choice for enterprises to expand knowledge and technology,provide enterprises with more cross domain knowledge and resources,and improve their absorption and integration ability.However,there is still a debate on the relationship between technological diversification and innovation in academia.The reason for this disagreement may be that the existing studies generally analyze the relationship between technological diversification and innovation,but do not classify innovation.Ambidextrous innovation is two different ways of innovation.Enterprises with ambidextrous innovation ability maintain their competitive advantage by exploring and exploiting new products and improving existing products.Therefore,from the perspective of ambidextrous innovation,analyzing the impact mechanism of technological diversification on exploratory and exploitation innovation will help to reveal the"black box"between technological diversification and innovation.Based on the perspective of institutional theory,the ambidextrous innovation behavior of enterprises not only considers their own resources and industry conditions,but also needs to take into account the formal and informal institutional environment.Especially in transition economies like China,the dynamic interaction between formal and informal institutions and enterprises has an important impact on the strategic decision-making of enterprises.It is necessary to analyze the regulatory role of institutional environment between technological diversification and ambidextrous innovation.Based on the financial data,patent data and marketization process data of listed companies from 2004 to 2016,this study empirically tests the impact of technological diversification on exploratory and exploitation innovation and the regulatory effect of formal and informal institutional environment.The results show that technological diversification has a significant positive impact on exploratory innovation,and there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between technological diversification and exploitation innovation.The formal institutional environment enhances the positive effect of technological diversification on exploratory innovation,while the informal system enhances the inverted U-shaped relationship between technological diversification and exploitation innovation.There is complementarity between formal and informal institutional environments.In their interactive environment,the impact of technological diversification on exploratory innovation is different.According to the strength of formal and informal institutional environment,the interactive market of institutional environment is divided into normative market,reciprocal market,free market and discrete market.The impact of technological diversification on exploratory innovation in reciprocal market is significantly higher than that in discrete market.In other words,when the regional formal system environment is relatively weak,the informal system plays a good complementary role to the formal system.The research conclusion on technological diversification and ambidextrous innovation under the institutional environment provides a certain practical reference for the country to create a good innovation environment and enterprises to improve the performance of ambidextrous innovation.Enterprises are the main body of technological innovation.On the one hand,technological diversification brings heterogeneous knowledge and resources to enterprises.Enterprises should actively guide the interaction and exchange between different technical departments,promote the integration of different knowledge and experience transfer,and improve the absorptive capacity of enterprises.On the other hand,enterprises should also reasonably control the level of technological diversification to avoid the inhibitory effect of excessive technological diversification on exploitation innovation.As an important part of the construction of innovation system,formal and informal institutional environment,governments at all levels should promote enterprise innovation by optimizing the institutional environment.The government should not only build a free-market competition environment and promote factor flow and technology spillover effect,but also create a good informal institutional environment and strengthen the complementary role of informal institutional environment to formal institutional environment.