弹药公路运输极端冲击环境综述

Review of extreme shock environments during road transport of munitions

针对弹药(包括引信)在公路运输过程中的安全性问题,对运输过程中因恶劣路况所导致的汽车车身振动过载幅值和过载波动时间,以及在极端情况下可能发生的碰撞和翻车等事故中汽车车身的过载幅值和过载波动时间等重要参数变化数据进行了整理、分析,得到了公路运输过程中弹药可能遭遇的极端冲击环境参数的峰值。因恶劣路况所导致的汽车车身振动过载数据大部分为测试记录,且不同车速/路况/情景下车身振动过载值差异很大,其变动范围大致为0.60~102.2g(测试结果)。公路运输过程中可能出现的极端冲击环境的峰值加速度和加速度波动时间都超过了我国国家军用标准中针对引信地面运输环境制定的振动试验方法规定的加速度峰值(230±34.5)g和脉冲持续时间(2.0±0.2)ms。从有关文献知受研究条件所限,碰撞过程中的车身过载值、过载波动时间大通过有限元仿真模型得到,但经过验证,仿真结果仍然具有较高的参考价值。不同车速/情景下碰撞事故中的车身过载幅值差异较大,其变动范围大致为6.2~135.0g(仿真结果),极端情况下可达500.0g(测试结果)。

To ensure the safety of munition/fuze during road transport,an analysis was conducted on the harsh vibration amplitude of vehicles and its duration caused by rough road surface during transport,and the acceleration amplitude and its duration during the possible collision and rollover of the vehicles under extreme conditions.Thus,the possible extreme shock environments were studied that the munition may be exposed to during road transport.The vibration amplitude of vehicles caused by rough road surface was mostly obtained from experimental recording,and it varied significantly under different velocities/conditions.Its range is approximately 0.13g to 102.2g.The peak acceleration and the duration of its fluctuation obtained in the possible extreme shock environments during road transport are greater than the peak acceleration(230±34.5)g and the duration(2.0±0.2)ms proposed in the military vibration test standard for road transport of fuzes.Limited by the circumstance,the acceleration of vehicles and its duration during a collision are mostly obtained from finite element simulation.However,the simulation results are still reliable after validated by experiments.It is shown that the acceleration of vehicles during a collision varies significantly under different velocities/conditions.Its range is approximately 6.2g to 135.0g,with a possible upper limit to 500.0g.