水下推力矢量控制技术研究现状及进展

Research progress and prospects of underwater thrust vector control technology

水下推力矢量发射技术可以实现在外界条件干扰作用下对航行体运动稳定性的有效控制,已经成为有动力航行体水下发射方案的关键技术之一。相比于常规气相环境下的推力矢量控制技术,水下推力矢量控制技术难度更大,其主要原因在于发动机燃烧形成的高温高速燃气在水中作扩散流动并形成复杂的气水掺混与界面不稳定性现象,伴有激烈的流体动力干扰,严重影响航行体整个运动过程的控制。本文系统叙述了水下发射航行体推力矢量控制技术的研究现状与发展趋势,介绍了发动机摆动喷管和扰流片2种水下推力矢量控制技术的工作原理、实现方式、优缺点以及对航行体流体动力的影响;总结了水下推力矢量控制技术涉及的水下高速气体喷流复杂多相流动机制;对我国水下垂直发射航行体推力矢量控制技术的发展提出了设想及建议。

Underwater thrust vector control technology can effectively control the vehicle’s posture under the interference of external factors.It has become one of the key technologies for the underwater launch of powered vehicles.Compared with the thrust vector control technology under gas phase environment,underwater thrust vector control technology is more difficult due to the complex gas-water mixing and interface instability phenomenon formed by the high temperature and high-speed exhausted gas from the engine.This process is also accompanied by the strong hydrodynamic changes,which brings a great challenge to the control of the whole movement process of the vehicle.The research progressed of underwater thrust vector control technology are systematically reviewed from the working principle,implementation mode,advantages and disadvantages,and the influence on the hydrodynamics of two main thrust vector control technologies,namely engine movable nozzle and spoiler-type device.And then,we review the complex multiphase flow mechanism of high-speed exhausted gas jet in water phase.The guess and suggestion for the development of underwater thrust vector control technology in underwater vertical launching process were given.