两宋理学“发明”话语流变及其典型形态考论

On the Evolution of“Faming”Discourse and Typical Forms of Neo-Confucianism in the Two Song Dynasties

"发明"备受汉唐儒者的关注,并逐渐形成了一系列阐释方法,因之而成为儒学阐释传统重要的方法论来源。"发明"受到了宋代理学家的普遍重视,并得到了进一步拓展。"发明"之于理学,虽然表征为不同的话语表达方式和阐释路径、方法,但就其目的性而言则具有共同性。两宋理学之"发明"因其涉及实践主体对于物理、义理、性理等问题的认知、体验和践履,因而具备了体验性、审美性、实践性等品格,也就顺乎自然地成为理学家诗人书写或者创作理学诗的重要表达方式。受到理学家"发明"诸方法影响而创作的某些理学诗类型,自然就具有了与文人诗截然不同的诗歌风貌。对两宋理学"发明"话语涵蕴与理学诗表达方式之关系进行考察,可为我们深入探讨中西方共同存在的"哲学"与"诗"的会通问题等,提供新的研究视域和研究方法,亦可为探讨新时期儒学创新性转化提供方法论的历史借鉴。

“Developing and exercising one’s original mind”or“faming”has attracted the attention of Confucian scholars in the Han and Tang Dynasties,and gradually formed a series of interpretation methods,which has become an important methodological source of Confucian interpretation tradition.“Faming”has been widely valued by Neo-Confucians in the Song Dynasty and has been further developed.As for Neo-Confucianism,“faming”was characterized by different ways of discourse expression,interpretation and methods,but they had commonality in terms of their purposes.The“Faming”of Neo-Confucianism in the two Song Dynasties,because it involves the cognition,experience and practice of the practical subject on physics,righteousness and sex,has the characteristics of experience,aesthetics and practice,and naturally becomes an important expression for Neo-Confucianism poets’writing and creation of Neo-Confucianism poetry.Influenced by Neo-Confucianists’methods of“faming”,some types of Neo-Confucianism poetry naturally have a different poetic style from literati poetry.Tapping into the relationship between the discourse implication of“faming”of Neo-Confucianism and the expression of Neo-Confucianism poetry in the two Song dynasties can not only provide us with a new research perspective and research methods,but also provide a methodological historical reference for the innovative transformation of Confucianism in the new period to explore deeply convergence the of“philosophy”and“poetry”between China and the West.