汉字记录清中期云南少数民族语言文献《夷雅》刍论

A Preliminary Study of “Yi Ya”, a Document of Yunnan Minority Languages Recorded by Chinese Characters in the Mid-Qing Dynasty

《滇南杂志》为清嘉庆年间云南布政使梁敦怀幕僚曹树翘所辑,其附"方言"载《夷雅》一编,分别为"释天""释地""释亲""释身""释宫""释器""释食""释用""释植""释动""释杂",总11篇。其所记语言涉及彝语、壮语、傣语、纳西语,语料来源于乾隆年间所编《东川府志》《恩安县志》《丽江府志略》《广南府志略》,仿《尔雅》体例"依类训释"。《夷雅》的编纂顺应清朝对云南边疆民族地区的认识和治理需要而产生,其目的是解决"虽薄海同风,而各种方言仍难臆揣"的夷言莫解的现实困难,期"补《周官》土训、象胥之未备",游滇者可"按谱而求"。

"Diannan Journal" was compiled by Cao Shuqiao, an assistant to Liang Dunhuai, the chief ambassador of Yunnan during Jiaqing, Qing Dynasties. It is attached with "Dialect" in the "Yi Ya" edition, which is interpreted as "Shi Tian", "Shi Di",and "Shu Qin", "Shi shen", "Shi Gong", "Shi Qi", "Shi Shi", "Shi Yong", "Shi Zhi", "Shi Dong", and "Shi Za" are eleven chapters in total. The recorded languages involve Yi, Zhuang, and Dai and Naxi language, the corpus are derived from "Dongchuanfu Zhi","En’anxian Zhi", "Lijiangfu Zhilue", and "Guangnanfu Zhilue", which was compiled during Qianlong period, imitating the style of "Er Ya", "explaining according to the kind". The compilation of "Yi Ya" was produced in response to the Qing Dynasty’s need for understanding and governance of the ethnic areas in Yunnan’s borders. Its purpose was to solve the practical difficulties of "Even though the sea is the same wind, the various dialects are still difficult to guess", "making up for the unpreparedness of the "Zhou Guan" and "Xiang Xu" of those who travel to Yunnan can "travel according to the spectrum".