固定床气化焦油中固含物性质及对深加工的影响研究

Study on properties of solids in fixed bed gasification tar and its influence on deep processing

中低温煤焦油的主要来源之一是固定床气化副产焦油,研究固定床气化副产焦油中固含物性质有利于中低温煤焦油的固含物脱除、降低催化剂失活风险,进而降低煤焦油的加工成本。为了高效加工利用煤焦油资源,以新疆固定床气化副产煤焦油中的固含物为研究对象,综合采用基本理化分析、激光粒度分析、金属含量分析、扫描电镜分析、热重分析、傅里叶红外光谱和^(13)C-核磁共振等多种检测技术以解析固含物的组成和结构特征,并探究固含物在固定床气化焦油深加工时对原料预处理、催化剂性能、油收率和产品品质以及固渣处理等方面所产生的影响。研究结果表明,固定床气化副产煤焦油中的固含物具有灰分高以及钙、镁、铝、钾、钠等碱金属和碱土金属含量高、碳含量高的特点,其颗粒粒度分布广泛但颗粒之间的黏连性较差;固含物的官能结构单一,高岭土类矿物质和CH_(2)的特征吸收峰最为显著,碳碳结构的特征吸收峰不明显,其脂肪碳含量较少,而芳香碳又主要以迫位芳香碳结构存在。未来应更专注于气化工艺技术、装备和系统方面的提升研究,从源头上减少和解决焦油的含固问题,进一步促进煤焦油的深加工与焦油原料向集约化、精细化和定制化处理方案设计方向发展。

One of the main sources of medium and low temperature coal tar is the by-product tar of fixed bed gasification.Studying the properties of solids in the by-product tar of fixed bed gasification is conducive to the solids removal of coal tar,it can also reduce the risk of catalyst deactivation,and then reduce the processing cost of coal tar.In order to efficiently process and utilize coal tar resources,the solids of a by-product of fixed bed gasification in Xinjiang in coal tar was studied.A variety of detection technologies such as basic physical and chemical analysis,laser particle size analysis,metal content analysis,scanning electron microscope analysis(SEM),thermogravimetric analysis,FT-IR and ^(13)C-NMR were comprehensively used to analyze the composition and structural characteristics of the solids.The effects of solids on raw material pretreatment,catalyst performance,oil yield,product quality and solids residue treatment during processing of fixed bed gasification tar were also explored.The results show that the solids in coal tar has the characteristics of high ash content,high content of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals such as calcium,magnesium,aluminum,potassium and sodium,and high carbon content.Its particle size distribution is wide,but the adhesion between particles is poor.The functional structure of the solids content is single,the characteristic absorption peak of kaolin minerals and-CH_(2) is the most significant,the characteristic absorption peak of carbon carbon structure is not obvious,its fatty carbon content is less,and the aromatic carbon also exists in the structure of forced aromatic carbon.In the future,the improvement of gasification technology,equipment and system should be focused,reducing and solving the solids in tar from the source should be focused.The deep processing of coal tar and tar raw materials towards intensive,refined and customized treatment scheme design should be further promoted.