恩格斯的有机总体观及其当代意蕴

Engels’ View of Organic Totality and Its Contemporary Implication

恩格斯与马克思一同从黑格尔唯心主义哲学中拯救出革命的辩证法,并加以唯物主义的改造,确立了唯物辩证法的新形态。他不仅将总体性辩证法保持在思维领域,而且拓展到外部世界,在自然、社会和思维等三者之间建立整体的有机联系,凸显出有机论的总体观。进而,恩格斯将自然、社会和思维的辩证法统一起来阐发了建立在现代自然科学基础之上的唯物辩证的自然观,在历史逻辑和劳动辩证法下进一步深化了对自然的历史与历史的自然之统一问题的讨论;解决了自然科学、历史科学与理论科学以及各门实证科学之间的关系问题,倡导大科学观的科学统一论,使自然辩证法作为科学技术学成为可能。面对二元对立思维方式所导致的人与自然关系的冲突,以及现代性的种种“急难”,在后疫情时代重新考察和理解恩格斯有机总体观及其相关重要论断,既有助于为自然辩证法正名,亦能为“两个共同体”理念的理论认知提供思想支撑,彰显其之于构建生态文明的当代意蕴。

Together with Marx, Engels saved the revolutionary dialectics from Hegel’s idealist philosophy and reformed it with materialism, thus establishing a new form of materialist dialectics. He not only kept the totality dialectics in the field of thinking, but also extended it to the external world, establishing a holistic organic connection among nature, society and thinking, highlighting the totality view of organic theory. In addition, Engels unified the dialectics of nature, society and thinking to expound the materialist dialectical view of nature based on modern natural science, and further deepened the discussion on the unification of natural history and historical nature under the historical logic and labor dialectics. It has solved the relationship between natural science, historical science, theoretical science and various positive sciences, advocated the unification of science in the big view of science, and made it possible for dialectics of nature to be regarded as science and technology studies. Facing the binary mode of thinking of the relation between human being and nature caused by the conflict, the modernity and the "trouble", in the post-epidemic era re-examine and understand Engels’ organic totality concept and its related important thesis, both help to justify the dialectics of nature, can be "two communities" concept to provide thought the theory of cognition, highlight its contemporary implication in the construction of ecological civilization.