内蒙古自治区3~18岁儿童体格发育调查

Survey of physical development in children aged 3 to 18 years in Inner Mongolia

目的调查内蒙古自治区3~18岁儿童的体格发育情况。方法在2017年10月-2018年10月期间,采用分层整群抽样的方法选取内蒙古自治区4盟市(呼和浩特市、包头市、通辽市、呼伦贝尔市)15199名儿童为研究对象,收集身高、体重并计算体重指数;以2005年九市儿童体格发育调查数据为参考标准,计算超重、肥胖的检出率,并分析其特点。结果内蒙古自治区3~18岁男、女儿童均有2个身高增长高峰段,男童为3~4岁和11岁阶段;女童为4~5岁和10~11岁阶段;随年龄的增长体重增长无明显规律,青春期前后出现增幅单高峰,男、女儿童分别出现在15岁、10岁。各年龄段身高、体重均明显高于2005中国九市标准(均P<0.001),其中6岁男童、13岁女童身高超过全国标准最明显;7岁男童、10岁女童体重高于全国标准最明显。超重的总检出率为12.31%,肥胖的总检出率为20.27%,其中男、女童超重检出率差异无统计学意义,分别为11.55%、13.10%(P=0.132);男童肥胖检出率显著高于女童,分别为22.67%、17.76%(P<0.001)。结论内蒙古自治区3~18岁儿童体格发育状况良好,但超重、肥胖检出率高。建议相关部门重视儿童的体格发育,加强儿童健康管理,养成良好的生活习惯。

Objective To investigate physical development in children aged 3 to 18 years in Inner Mongolia.Methods Stratified cluster sampling was adopted.The height,weight and body mass index were collected from 15,199 children in four cities including Hohhot City,Baotou City,Tongliao City and Hulunbuir City from Inner Mongolia from October 2017 to October 2018.Using the survey data of physical development in children from nine provinces in 2005,the rates of overweight and obesity were calculated,and their characteristics were analysed.Results There were two peaks of height growth in boys and girls aged 3 to 18 in Inner Mongolia,boys are 3-4 years old and 11 years old;girls are 4-5 years old and 10-11 years old.No significant pattern of weight gain with age was observed.A single peak of increase occurred around puberty(15 and 10 years of age in boys and girls,respectively).The average height and weight in children aged 3 to 18 years were significantly higher than the 2005 national reference value(P<0.001).Six-year-old boys and 13-year-old girls were significantly taller than the national standard.Seven-year-old boys and 10-year-old girls were significantly heavier than the national standard.The detection rates of overweight and obesity were 12.31%and 20.27%,respectively.The rates of overweight were 11.55%and 13.10%in boys and girls,respectively.However,the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.132).The rates of obesity were 22.67%and 17.76%in boys and girls,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).Conclusion The overall physical development of children aged 3 to 18 years in Inner Mongolia is good.Attention should be focused on the high incidence of overweight and obesity.Relevant departments should pay attention to children's physical development and strengthen the management of children's health and development of healthy life habits.