关于货币定义及发展阶段的研究

Research on the Defi nition of Currency and the Stages of Development

货币是马克思政治经济学的核心范畴,在马克思经济理论体系中占据重要地位。由于受原苏联政治经济学教科书的影响,对马克思认识论把握不够等原因,目前国内流行的政治经济学中,对于货币定义认识存在着误区。从认识论的角度,我们把货币看成一种历史性的事物,作为一种劳动与劳动相交换的媒介的本质始终未变,而其形式则经历了从实物货币到虚拟货币的演进过程,这一过程遵循社会纯粹损失和交易成本不断降低的演进逻辑,也是货币形式不断回归其本质属性的过程。在货币形式发展以数字货币为代表的虚拟货币形式的今天,“货币是商品”的认识已严重背离社会经济现实,需要对其本质认识的基础上,进行重新概括,以更好地适应不断变化的社会经济实践。

Currency is the core of Marxist political economy and occupies an important position in the Marxist economic theory system.Infl uenced by the good example of Soviet political economy and insuffi cient grasp of Marx’s epistemology,there are misunderstandings about the definition of currency in the current domestic popular political economy.From the perspective of epistemology,we regard money as a historical thing,its essence as a medium for labor exchange never being changed,and its form has experienced the evolution process from physical currency to virtual currency.The process follows the evolutionary logic of social net loss and continuous reduction of transaction costs,and is also a process in which the form of money continues to return to its essential attributes.Today,with the development of virtual currency represented by digital currency,the cognition that“currency is a commodity”has seriously deviated from social and economic reality,and it is necessary to re-generalize on the basis of its essential cognition to better adapt to the constant changes of socioeconomic practice.