从帛书《相马经》看战国晚期散体赋的成熟与定型

On the Maturity and Shaping of Prose Fu in the Late Warring States Period from Xiang Ma Jing the Silk book

长沙马王堆出土的帛书《相马经》是一篇成于战国晚期的相马术专著,由于采用了散体赋的文体形式进行写作,其在赋史研究中具有了相应的史料参考价值。从《相马经》文体形式、写作年代及其对于散体赋的借鉴与接受来看,无论是题材选择、篇章结构,还是语言形式与修辞手法,帛书《相马经》都对战国晚期楚地作家的散体赋进行了全方位的借鉴运用与刻意模仿。《相马经》反映出战国晚期散体赋的体载形式已经基本定型且走向成熟,其在楚国域内产生了不可低估的影响,对早期赋体文学研究有相当重要的价值。

Unearthed in Mawangdui,Changsha,the silk book Xiang Ma Jing is a monograph on equinology,which was completed in the late Warring States period.Because it adopts the style of prose Fu,it has the historical reference value in the study of Fu history.From the perspective of the stylistic form,writing era and the reference and acceptance of prose Fu in Xiang Ma Jing,the silk book has made an all-round reference and deliberate imitation of the prose Fu of Chu writers in the late Warring States period,whether from subject selection,text structure,or from language form and rhetoric.Xiang Ma Jing reflects that the form of prose Fu in the late Warring States period has been basically shaped and matured.Its influence in the Chu kingdom can not be underestimated,and it is of great value to the study of early Fu literature.