兴奋剂犯罪刑法规制的基本问题--以《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(十一)》的相关规定为中心

Basic Issues of Criminal Law Regulations for Doping Related Crimes--Focus on the Relevant Provisions of Amendment(Ⅺ) to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China

兴奋剂犯罪的刑法规制,以反兴奋剂行政法律法规为基础,通过司法解释对刑法相关规定加以明确,最终经过刑法修正得以形成完整的刑事法网。在《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(十一)》施行后,《最高人民法院关于审理走私、非法经营、非法使用兴奋剂刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》(以下简称《兴奋剂刑事案件司法解释》)整体仍然有效,应当与修正后《中华人民共和国刑法》组合适用,以一体惩治包括妨害兴奋剂管理罪在内的兴奋剂犯罪。法益的把握和兴奋剂的认定,是司法适用的两大基本问题。应当注意,兴奋剂犯罪的保护法益包括公平竞争和公众健康两大超个人法益。无论是禁用物质还是禁用方法,都应当依据兴奋剂目录准确把握,特别是对兴奋剂的认定要把握物理属性和行业属性两个要件。下一步,宜及时推进《兴奋剂刑事案件司法解释》的修订,统一法律适用,为反兴奋剂斗争提供更为有力的刑事司法保障。

The criminal law regulation for doping related crimes is based on anti-doping administrative laws and regulations.The relevant provisions of the criminal law are clarified through judicial interpretations,and finally a comprehensive criminal law network is formulated after the amendment of the criminal law.After the implementation of Amendment(XI)to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China,the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Criminal Cases of Smuggling,Illegal Operation,and Illegal Use of Doping(hereafter referred to as Interpretation of Doping Related Crimes)is still valid and should be applied along with the revised Criminal Law of PRC to punish doping related crimes including the crime of obstructing doping management.The understanding of legal benefits and the determination of doping are the two basic issues in judicial application.It should be noted that the legal benefits protected by anti-doping related crimes are manifested as two super-individual legal benefits,i.e.,fair competition and national physique.Whether it is a banned substance or a banned method,it should be accurately determined in accordance with the“Doping List”.In particular,the identification of doping shall be based on the two elements of physical attributes and industry attributes.Then,it is advisable to promptly advance the revision of the Interpretation of Doping Related Crimes,unify the application of the law,and provide stronger criminal justice guarantee for the anti-doping struggle.