宋代三佛齐与广州的佛教文化交流考述

Textural Research on the Buddhist Cultural Exchange Between Canton and Samboja during Song Dynasty

位于太平洋和印度洋之间的印尼群岛是中西海上交通的要冲和中转站,而于唐宋之际兴起于今印尼境内的三佛齐王国(Samboja,Sambaj,907—1397)则是当时海上丝路的贸易强国,同时也是佛法东传的重要驿站和集散地,即使在印度本土佛教消失之后,仍然是佛教中心之一,与宋朝保持了密切的关系。广州作为南海丝绸之路始发港和商贸中心,与三佛齐在佛教文化交流、僧商人员往来、佛化外交活动方面有着密切的交流互动。随着佛教在两地的兴盛,双方交往中出现了佛商互动,即以商养佛、以佛促商的互动局面,广州蕃坊中出现弘传佛法的三佛齐人,三佛齐商主帮助广州修复道观、购置寺院田产,在在显示了三佛齐与广州之间佛教文化的交流互动及其对双方社会深刻而广泛的影响。

Indonesia which located between the Pacific and Indian Ocean is the communications hub and the transfer station of communication between Orient and West,and the ancient Samboja Kingdom(907-1397 A.D)in the territory of today’s Indonesia which had a closer relation with China during Song Dynasty,was the business world power in the Marine Silk Route,the transfer station and distribution center in the process of the Buddhism disseminated from India to China,and the Buddhism center even after the Buddhism Disappeared in its homeland India.Canton,as the business and commercial center and departure harbor of Marine Silk Route,had intimate interaction with Samboja of Buddhist cultural exchange,contact of businessman and Buddhist sangha,and Buddhistization diplomatic activities.As the thrive of Buddhism in Canton and Samboja,there appeared the phenomena of interactingof commerce and Buddhism,the commerce supporting Buddhism,the Buddhism promoting commerce,and there were the Buddhist preacher from Samboja in the Foreigner Quarters in Canton.Business leader of Samboja helped Canton to reconstruct the Taoist temple and donate large sum of money to buy land for both Taoist and Buddhism order,and all these demonstrate the deep and wide impact of the Buddhist cultural exchange and interaction on both societies of Canton and Samboja.