基于聚能水压光爆技术的周边眼装药结构优化研究

Optimization of Charge Structure of Peripheral Blasting Holes Based on Shaped Energy Water Pressure Smooth Blasting Technology

为获得聚能水压光爆技术周边眼的最优装药结构,基于聚能水压光爆机制,采用基于LS-DYNA的数值模拟试验和现场试验,分别对聚能水压光爆的围岩动力响应特性及光爆效果进行对比研究,优化周边眼装药结构。数值模拟试验表明,采用装药结构4时,聚能方向上有效应力值最大,裂隙区范围最大,超过50 cm,且聚能效果及控制爆破振动效果较好。现场试验表明,周边眼按照组4的结构进行装药时,眼痕率达到95%以上,超欠挖值最小,炮眼利用率最高,光爆效果最好。综合分析,确定装药结构4,即底部加强药×30 cm+聚能管装置×100 cm×3(间隔装药)+水袋×30 cm+空气间隔×40 cm+孔口水砂袋×30 cm为同一地质条件下6种试验方案中的最优方案。

To obtain the optimal charge structure of the peripheral blasting holes of the shaped energy-water pressure smooth blasting technology, a numerical simulation test based on LS-DYNA and field test are used to analyze the dynamic response characteristics of the surrounding rock and the effect of the smooth blasting. The results can optimize the charge structure based on the shaped energy-water pressure smooth blasting mechanism. The numerical simulation tests show that when charge structure #4 is used, the maximum effective stress and fracture area(over 50 cm) are along the energy-concentrated direction. Furthermore, the energy concentration effect is good, as is the effect of blasting vibration under control. The field tests show that when the structure of group 4 charges the peripheral blasting holes, the eye-mark rate is over 95%, and the over-and under-excavation values are the smallest. Furthermore, the blasting hole utilization rate is the highest, and the blasting effect is the smoothest. Under the same geological conditions, the comprehensive analysis results show that charge structure #4, which is reinforced dynamite at the bottom of 30 cm +energy-concentrated tube of 100 cm × 3(sectioned charge) + water bag of 30 cm + air space of 40 cm + water sandbag of 30 cm, is the best of the six test schemes.