自然资本核算推动可持续转型——基于各国政策实例研究

Natural Capital Accounting Promotes Sustainable Transformation——Based on the Case Study of National Policies

文章梳理了国际社会应用自然资本方法,推动可持续转型的40个最新举措,归纳为5个政策杠杆,即:运用综合环境经济核算、基于生态系统建立环境经济账户、改革补贴和金融激励机制、将自然的价值融入决策程序、赋能社会行动。通过分析,预判未来自然资源领域的国际共识、渐进阶段和发展趋势:(1)将自然构筑为储存并向人类提供价值的一种资产;(2)将生物多样性根植为使资产更具生产力和恢复力的基本属性;(3)将生态系统视为解构自然资产,使其价值量化的多种形式,如土地、森林、矿产和水资源账户;(4)将自然资本作为促进可持续转型的评估方法,核算经济活动对自然资产依赖和影响的成本效益。

This paper summarizes the 40 latest measures of the international community by apply natural capital methods to promote sustainable transformation,which are classified into five policy levers,namely,using comprehensive environmental economic accounting,ecosystem-based environmental economic accounts,reforming subsidies and financial incentives,integrating natural values into decision-making procedures,and empowering social action.Through the analysis,we can predict the international consensus,gradual stage and development trend in the field of natural resources in the future:(1)construct nature as an asset to store and provide value to mankind;(2)embed biodiversity as a fundamental attribute that makes assets more productive and resilient;(3)treat ecosystems as various forms of deconstructing natural assets and quantifying their value,such as land,forest,mineral and water resources accounts;(4)take natural capital as an evaluation method to promote sustainable transformation,and calculate the cost-effectiveness of the dependence and influence of economic activities on natural assets.