甲状腺自身抗体在自身免疫性甲状腺疾病诊断中的应用价值

Application value of thyroid autoantibodies in the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease

目的探究甲状腺自身抗体在自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)诊断中的应用价值。方法选择2019年5月至2020年5月我院收治的80例AITD患者作为AITD组,其中34例为桥本甲状腺炎(HT),46例为毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿(Graves病);另选取同期我院50例健康体检者作为对照组。比较各组的促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)、甲状腺过氧化物抗体(TPOAb)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)水平以及阳性检出率。结果 AITD组的TRAb、TPOAb及TGAb水平均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Graves病组的TRAb水平显著高于HT组,TPOAb、TGAb水平显著低于HT组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HT组的TRAb阳性检出率高于对照组,但低于Graves病组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);HT组的TPOAb、TGAb阳性检出率显著高于Graves病组及对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论甲状腺自身抗体检测对AITD有着重要的诊断价值,TRAb是诊断Graves病的敏感性指标,TPOAb、TGAb指标则可用于HT的诊断评估。

Objective To explore the application value of thyroid autoantibodies in the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease(AITD). Methods From May 2019 to may 2020, 80 patients with AITD treated in our hospital were selected as AITD group, including 34 cases of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis(HT) and 46 cases of toxic diffuse goiter(Graves disease);50 healthy people undergoing health examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as control group. The levels of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody(TRAb), thyroid peroxide antibody(TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody(TGAb) and the positive detection rate were compared in each group. Results The levels of TRAb, TPOAb and TGAb in the AITD group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P <0.05). TRAb level in the Graves group was significantly higher than that in the HT group,TPOAb and TGAb levels were significantly lower than those in the HT group, and the differences were statistically significant(P <0.05). The positive rate of TRAb in the HT group was higher than that in the control group, but lower than that in the Graves group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);the positive rates of TPOAb and TGAb in the HT group were significantly higher than those in the Graves group and the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P <0.05). Conclusion The detection of thyroid autoantibodies has important diagnostic value for AITD. TRAb is a sensitivity index for Graves disease, and TPOAb and TGAb can be used for the diagnosis and evaluation of HT.