宁麦系列小麦品种的性状特点及相关基因位点分析

Phenotypic Characteristics and Related Gene Analysis of Ningmai Series Wheat Varieties

【目的】通过分析宁麦系列已育成品种的性状表现,明确宁麦系列品种的主要性状特点及存在问题,同时对宁麦系列品种及新选育高代品系进行基因型分析,明确宁麦系列品种(系)的遗传多样性及重要性状控制位点的分布,为宁麦系列品种的遗传改良、育种和生产利用提供依据。【方法】以宁麦系列23个已审定品种及51份高代品系为材料,对产量、品质、抗病性等主要性状表型进行分析,利用Affymetrix 50K基因芯片筛选品种基因型,并补充检测部分功能基因。【结果】宁麦系列品种具有丰产性突出、中弱筋品质及赤霉病抗性优良,白粉病、锈病抗性水平相对较差等特点。经过筛选获得28 253个高质量SNP位点,已审定的23个品种间的遗传相似系数为0.407—0.964,平均为0.600;51个高代品系间的遗传相似系数为0.456—0.985,平均为0.684。宁麦系列品种(系)的春性主要由Vrn-D1的位点变异造成,Ppd-D1位点变异使所有材料均为光周期迟钝型;Rht-B1b变异使株高降低,宁麦系列品种还含有较多的提高千粒重与抗穗发芽基因的优势等位变异。宁麦系列品种(系)中含有赤霉病主效抗病基因Fhb1的材料占比达到48.6%,约30%的高代品系携带白粉病主效抗病基因Pm21。【结论】宁麦系列品种(系)的遗传多样性呈降低趋势,有必要加强种质创新,拓宽育种群体遗传背景;宁麦系列品种(系)携带较多的抗赤霉病及提高千粒重、抗穗发芽的基因或QTL位点,可作为亲本应用于小麦品种诸多性状的遗传改良。宁麦系列品种以中弱筋小麦为主,需加强中强筋、强筋品质类型的品种选育,同时注重白粉病、锈病的抗性改良。

【Objective】The phenotypic characteristics, genetic diversity and distribution of the loci controlling important traits in Ningmai series varieties(lines) were clarified by analyzing the main traits of Ningmai series varieties and the genotype of the varieties and lines in order to provide a basis for genetic improvement and utilization in breeding and production. 【Method】The main traits including yield, quality and disease resistance of the twenty-three approved varieties were analyzed, and all the approved varieties and lines were genotyped with Affymetrix 50 K array, and some other functional genes were identified additionally.【Result】Ningmai series wheat varieties had good performance in yield, medium and weak gluten quality, and resistance to Fusarium head blight(FHB), and poor performance in resistance to powdery mildew and rust. After quality control, 28 253 high-quality SNPs were obtained. The genetic similarity coefficients among the 23 approved varieties ranged from 0.407 to 0.964,with an average of 0.600, and ranged from 0.456 to 0.985 for those among 51 high-generation lines, with an average of 0.684. The spring habit of Ningmai series varieties(lines) was mainly caused by the variation of Vrn-D1, and Ppd-D1 made all materials photoperiod insensitive. Rht-B1 b was mostly present in Ningmai series varieties(lines) to reduce the plant height, and there were lots of favorable alleles on thousand grain weight and pre-harvest sprouting. 48.6% of Ningmai series varieties(lines) had the major resistance gene Fhb1 to FHB, and nearly 30% carried the major resistance gene Pm21 to powdery mildew.【Conclusion】The genetic diversity of Ningmai series varieties(lines) showed a decreasing trend, and it was necessary to strengthen germplasm innovation and broaden genetic background. Ningmai series varieties(lines) carried many favorable genes on thousand grain weight, pre-harvest sprouting and resistance to FHB, and could be used as excellent parents for genetic improvement of wheat varieties. Ningmai series varieties were mainly medium and weak gluten quality type, and the selection of medium-strong gluten and strong gluten varieties needed to be taken into account, as well as the resistance to powdery mildew and rust.