基于界面蒸发的低成本太阳能蒸馏器海水淡化性能研究

Desalination performance of low-cost interfacial evaporation modified solar stills

应用低成本的挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料作为蒸馏器的骨架,与传统太阳能蒸馏器和界面蒸发结构蒸馏器对比,研究了侧壁的热导率在界面蒸发结构中的关键作用。蒸馏器系统中应用界面蒸发结构可以有效地避免吸光蒸发层向海水层的漏热,侧壁采用低热导率的泡沫塑料可以进一步降低通过侧壁向海水层的漏热,从而有效地提高系统的太阳能利用效率。改进后的太阳能蒸馏器成本可以降至320元/m^(2),2月最高日淡水收集量为3.8 kg/m^(2),能量利用效率约为50%,比传统太阳能蒸馏器成本降低了70%,效率性能平均提升了近26%。

The low-cost extruded polystyrene(XPS)foam with low heat conductivity was used as solar still’s framework,to investigate the relationship of solar stills desalination performance and the sidewall heat conductivity.The interfacial evaporation structure in solar still system could effectively avoid heat loss from evaporation layer to saline layer.This advantage could be enhanced when XPS foam is used as side-wall materials.The daily desalinated water production of modified solar stills was 3.8 kg/m^(2) with energy conversion efficiency of 50%,and economy cost of￥320/m^(2),which indicated 26%rise of energy efficiency and 70%dropof cost,respectively,compared with traditional solar still structure.