内外贸同船运输下长江经济带穿梭巴士网络优化

Shipping Network Design for Waterbuses of Domestic and Foreign Trade in Yangtze River Economic Belt

为研究内外贸同船运输政策对航运企业布局长江经济带穿梭巴士网络的影响,本文允许同一船舶同时运输内贸集装箱和外贸集装箱,以总运输成本最小化为目标,考虑服务频率、多航次、时间窗、载重量等约束,构建基于轴辐式的长江经济带集装箱穿梭巴士网络优化模型。针对该模型,本文设计了包含5种破坏算子和2种修复算子的自适应大邻域算法求解模型,并选取上海和长江干线19个港口间的内贸集装箱运输和外贸集装箱运输进行实证分析。研究结果表明:实施内外贸同船政策可节约23.6%的总运输成本,提升平均舱位利用率至87%。该政策改变了原有穿梭巴士的网络结构,直达航次比例增加17%,加快了穿梭巴士的周转。同时,相比于设置1个枢纽港,长江经济带下游将南京港和太仓港共同设置为枢纽港更有利于中上游内外贸集装箱的中转,可节约6%~17%的总运输成本。

This paper optimizes the waterbus network in the Yangtze River Economic Belt with waterbuses engaging in domestic and foreign trade.The model of a hub-and-spoke network for waterbuses is developed to minimize the total transportation cost.The constraints include service frequency,multiple voyages,time window,and deadweight capacity.An adaptive large neighborhood algorithm including 5 removal operators and 2 inserting operators is proposed to solve the model.The domestic and foreign trade container transportation between Shanghai and the 19 ports of the Yangtze River of China are selected for empirical analysis.The results show that 23.6% of total transportation costs can be saved if waterbuses could engage in both domestic and foreign trade.Meanwhile,the average utilization of the waterbus capacity would increase to 87%.Waterbuses engaging in domestic and foreign trade increases the direct routes by 17%,which affects the network structure and turn round time.Establishing Nanjing Port and Taicang Port as hub ports in the downstream of Yangtze River Economic Belt would help to transfer domestic and foreign trade containers in the upstream and midstream of the region and save the total transportation costs by 6%~17% compared to only using one hub port.