“商业数据出境”的规则之治:权属分析、关系构成、实践面向

The Rule of"Commercial Data Export":Ownership Analysis,Relationship Composition,Practical Orientation

[研究目的]数据经济的迅猛发展,进一步突显了数据的财产权属性和商业化价值。因此,“商业数据”的类型提出和权属确认便对数据出境的法治化运行及安全责任的具体化落实具有重大意义。[研究方法]以“商业数据”的概念廓清与权属分析为切入,通过数据企业的“应然权利”为视角正向解析现有数据出境中限制性规定的规范边界和实践运行。[研究结论]数据权属是数据跨境规则建构的逻辑起点,数据企业基于数据劳动、数据生产而将数据自复杂的权益诉求中剥离时,理应享有法律所确认的数据权利而不受自由干预。据此,强调个人数据、重要数据“安全性”的同时,理应强化经由数据剥离后商业数据的“自由性”,以实现数据保护和数据开放的结构平衡。

[Research purpose]The rapid development of the data economy has further highlighted the property rights and commercial value of data.Therefore,the type proposal and ownership confirmation of"commercial data"are of great significance to the legalized operation of data exits and the implementation of security responsibilities.[Research method]Taking the clarification of the concept of"commercial data"and the analysis of ownership as an entry point,through the perspective of the"right to expect"of data companies,it positively analyzes the normative boundaries and practical operations of the restrictive regulations in the current data export.[Research conclusion]Data ownership is the logical starting point for the construction of data cross-border rules.When data companies separate data from complex claims based on data labor and data production,they should enjoy data rights confirmed by law without free interference.Accordingly,while emphasizing the"security"of personal data and important data,the"freedom"of commercial data after data stripping should be strengthened to achieve a structural balance between data protection and data openness.