木耳菌渣对烤烟生长及产量质量的影响

Effect of Agaric Fungus Residue on the Growth,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

[目的]研究木耳菌渣对烟草生长、产量、品质和土壤理化性质的影响。[方法]采用大田试验方法,设对照组和试验组,对照组施用木耳菌渣0t/hm^(2),试验组施用木耳菌渣11.25t/hm^(2)和15.00t/hm^(2),测定和分析旺长期烟田土壤理化性质和烟叶旺长生长期养分、农艺性状、评吸质量、产量和品质。[结果]两组试验组施用菌渣后,土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均有随着菌渣用量增加而呈现增加趋势;旺长期烟株叶数(16.9叶/株、17.0叶/株)高于对照;施用菌渣的烤烟中钾含量、氮碱比、糖氮比均较高,而烟碱、淀粉含量低于对照,且上等烟的比例及评吸质量也高于对照。但是施用15.00t/hm^(2)菌渣后,烤烟的杂气有所增加。[结论]施用木耳菌渣是提高烤烟产量和品质的有效途径之一,既能提高植烟土壤肥力,又能促进烟草生长;施用11.25t/hm^(2)木耳菌渣比较合适。

[Objective]To study the effects of agaric fungus residue application on tobacco growth,yield,quality and soil physical and chemical properties.[Method]A field experiment was carried out to study the effects,0 t/hm^(2) was applied the control group,11.25 t/hm^(2) and 15.00 t/hm^(2) of agaric fungus residue were applied for the two experimental groups,the physical and chemical properties of tobacco field soil in vigorous period,nutrients in vigorous and growing period of tobacco leaves,agronomic characters,quality,yield and smoking quality of tobacco were determined and analyzed.[Result]The contents of soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and potassium in the two experimental groups increased with the increase of the amount of fungus residue:the number of leaves(16.9,17.0 leaves/plant)of the plant in the vigorous period was higher than that of the control group.The potassium content,nitrogen-alkali ratio and sugar-nitrogen ratio of flue-cured tobacco were higher,while the nicotine and starch content were lower than the control group.Moreover,the proportion and smoking quality of first-class tobacco were higher than those of the control without the application of residue.However,offensive odor in the tobacco smoke increased in the plant when applied 15.00 t/hm^(2) residue.[Conclusion]Application of agaric fungus residue to tobacco is an effective way to improve soil fertility,promote tobacco growth and improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.It’s suitable to apply 11.25 t/hm^(2) agaric fungus residue.