科举制度下南宋士人的词科心态

Scholar-officials’ Mentality to Ci-Exam under the Imperial Civil Service Examination System in the South Song Dynasty

科举制度至南宋而逐渐稳定,成为最主要的选官制度,而博学宏词科是南宋科举制度下文人的进阶捷径,因而词科在南宋格外引人注意。南宋士人对词科的复杂心态见诸文字者有限,大体可分为三个阶段:前期以三洪为代表,以追攀与自得为主;中期较为复杂,批评者有之,以衣钵自许者有之,而大多数或为兼持两端者;后期词科虽近50年未录取一人,而积极备考者仍不绝,其感情表达最直接者以王氏父子为主,王氏父子以考中词科为誓愿。

The Imperial Civil Service Examination System gradually stabilized in the Southern Song Dynasty and became the most important system for selecting officials.Passing Boxuehongci-Exam was a shortcut for the literati to advance,which attracted much attention in the Southern Song Dynasty.The scholars have three kinds of attitudes towards it.In the early period,the attitudes were mainly envious and.In the middle period,the attitudes were mixed with critics and praises.In the late period,there were still a lot of applicants sitting for the Ci exam,but no one had been admitted within 50 years.Among whom,Wang and his son are the main representatives.