食品接触材料中初级芳香胺的迁移风险与法规管控

Migration risk and regulatory control of primary aromatic amines in food contact materials

汇总了国内外法规、标准、技术指南和文献中与食品接触材料相关的41种初级芳香胺(PAAs),分析了食品接触材料中PAAs的来源和迁移风险,对比了2021年以前中国、欧盟、韩国等国家及地区PAAs相关技术法规的差异。研究发现,食品接触材料中PAAs主要来源于偶氮着色剂、芳香族异氰酸酯以及其他助剂;聚酰胺餐厨具、有色塑料制品、复合材料制品中都有PAAs检出情况,以聚酰胺餐厨具最为严重;欧盟限制塑料食品接触材料及制品中所有PAAs的特定迁移量,其成员国德国限制塑料着色剂、橡胶等6种高风险材料的PAAs迁移量;韩国限制环氧树脂中4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷,聚酰胺塑料中苯胺、4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷、2,4-二氨基甲苯的特定迁移量;中国限制复合食品包装袋中甲苯二胺,塑料树脂中间苯二胺、4,4’-磺酰基双苯胺的特定迁移量,也限制着色剂中PAAs的使用量。当前我国塑料类食品接触材料中PAAs的迁移风险已受到广泛关注,建议生产企业密切关注国内外法规差异,严格控制偶氮着色剂、芳香族异氰酸酯以及其他助剂中PAAs的迁移风险。

This article summarized 41 types of primary aromatic amines(PAAs)related to food contact materials in domestic and foreign regulations,standards,technical guidelines,and references and analyzed the source and migration risk of PAAs in food contact materials.Moreover,the differences in technical regulations of PAAs in China,the European Union,and South Korea before 2021 were compared.Based on these investigations,PAAs in food contact materials were mainly derived from azo colorants,aromatic isocyanates,and other additives,and they were detected from polyamide tableware,colored plastic products,and composite products,especially in polyamide tableware and kitchenware.The specific migration of all PAAs in plastic food contact materials and products has been restricted by the European Union.As a member of the European Union,Germany restricts the migration of PAAs from six high-risk materials such as plastic colorants and rubber.South Korea restricts the specific migration of 4,4’-diaminodiphenylmethane in epoxy resin and aniline,4,4’-diaminodiphenylmethane and 2,4-diaminotoluene in polyamide plastics.China restricts the specific migration of toluene diamine in composite food packaging bags,m-phenylenediamine,4,4’-diaminodiphenylsulfone in plastic resins,and the amount of PAAs used in colorants was also limited.The migration risk of PAAs in plastic food contact materials has received widespread attention at present in China.It is recommended that manufacturers pay much attention to the differences in domestic and foreign laws and regulations and strictly control the migration risk of PAAs in azo colorants,aromatic isocyanates,and other additives.