我国城镇职工基本养老保险的社会可持续性研究

Study on the Social Sustainability of the Basic Peneion Insurance for Urban Workers in China

近年来,随着我国人口老龄化问题的日益严峻,老年抚养比逐年升高,对于养老保险制度的可持续性研究成为学术界研究的中心问题之一,但多数研究主要集中在养老保险制度的财务可持续性问题上,而缺乏对其社会可持续性问题的关注。笔者运用定性分析与定量分析相结合的研究方法建立了养老保险制度社会可持续性的评估体系,并以2013年的中国家庭收入调查数据为基础,对我国城镇职工基本养老保险的社会可持续性进行了测算,最后得出结论:我国城镇职工基本养老保险制度在减轻社会贫困方面的力度远低于保持职工退休前后收入稳定方面的力度,这也揭示出我国养老保险制度在社会公平性方面还存在问题。因此,政府有关部门应采取相应的政策措施来保障我国养老保险制度有效且持续地运行下去。

As the population ageing problem being more and more serious,the researches about sustainability of pension systems become one of the central issues in recent years.However,most researches were focused on the fiscal sustainability of pension system and lack of attention to the social sustainability problems.It takes urban employees as research objects and estimates the social sustainability indexes of pension system based on survey data in 2013.The research results showed that the strength of reducing social poverty of our pension system was far below the strength of maintain income stability after the retirement.So the government should take some policies to ensure the pension system operate effectively.