层状双金属氢氧化物的构筑及其处理水体中抗生素的研究进展

Advance in construction of layered double hydroxides and their treatment with antibiotics in water

层状双金属氢氧化物(LDHs)作为具有结构独特、性能优良等优势的功能材料,具有层间阴离子易与周围环境进行交换、层板间高度可控且活性位点丰富等特点,因而在环境净化领域具有极大的应用潜力。本文系统梳理了LDHs的结构特点,介绍了LDHs及其复合材料的合成方法,从阴离子的种类、金属摩尔比、反应温度和时间方面,总结了不同合成工艺条件对LDHs性能的影响;综述了LDHs及其复合材料应用于去除水体中抗生素的研究进展,系统分析了LDHs性能和去除抗生素作用机制的相互关系,并重点介绍了吸附法、催化法以及膜分离法去除抗生素的作用机制;最后指出了目前已有研究中存在的问题,并对开发新型LDHs应用于去除水体中抗生素的研究前景进行了展望,提出了探明LDHs构筑过程的真实结构及构筑规律,以及构筑具备去除多种抗生素类污染物的新型LDHs,这是该领域未来研究的主要发展方向。

Layered double hydroxides(LDHs),as functional materials with unique structures and excellent performance,have shown great application potential to be adsorbents,catalysts and separation materials due to the advantages including the easy exchange of interlayer anions in the surrounding environment,the high controllability between the layers and the abundant active sites in the overall structure.In this paper,the structural characteristics of LDHs were systematically presented,the synthesis methods of LDHs and its composites were described,and the effects of different synthesis conditions on LDHs performance were summarized from the presence of anions,metal molar ratio,reaction temperature and reaction time.The research advance of using LDHS and its composite materials in treating antibiotics in water was reviewed.The relationship between the performance of LDHS materials and the mechanism of removing antibiotics was comprehensively analyzed.The mechanisms of removing antibiotics with adsorption,catalysis and membrane separation were emphatically introduced.Finally,the existing problems in previous research were pointed out,and the future research prospect of developing new LDHs to remove antibiotics from water bodies was discussed including exploring the true structure and rules of the construction process of LDHs and constructing a new type of LDHs capable of removing multiple antibiotic pollutants which would be the main direction of future research in this field.