有机无机肥配施对烤烟根际微生物代谢功能多样性以及产质量的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Metabolic Function Diversity of Rhizosphere Microorganisms and Yield of Flue-cured Tobacco

为探究有机无机肥配施对烤烟根际微生物活性与产质量的影响,系统分析了腐熟菜籽饼肥和复合肥配施对烤烟农艺性状、叶绿素值、根际微生物代谢功能多样性以及经济性状的影响。结果表明,处理T2(腐熟菜籽饼肥675 kg/hm^(2)与复合肥450 kg/hm^(2)配施)能够显著促进烟株生长与茎围,分别比对照高8.17、0.21 cm;且有利于提高烤烟根际土壤微生物对氨基酸、聚类化合物碳源的利用能力,代谢功能多样性指数Simpson指数与丰富度指数显著高于其他处理;其次,T2处理后烤烟成熟期的上中下叶位叶绿素含量、以及整个生育期与对照无显著差异,对烟叶的落黄成熟没有推迟效应。进一步对产质量统计表明,T2处理能够显著提高产量、产值,较常规施肥分别提升了282 kg/hm^(2)、14028.90元/hm^(2)。因此,腐熟菜籽饼肥675 kg/hm^(2)+复合肥450 kg/hm^(2)为最佳配比,能够增加土壤生物活性,提高烟叶产质量与可用性。

In order to explore the effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on rhizosphere microbial activity and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco,the combined application of decomposed rapeseed cake fertilizer and compound fertilizer on the agronomic characteristics,chlorophyll value,rhizosphere microbial metabolic function diversity and economy of flue-cured tobacco was systematically analyzed.The results showed that treatment T2(675 kg/hm^(2) of decomposed rapeseed cake fertilizer and 450 kg/hm^(2) of compound fertilizer)could significantly promote tobacco plant growth and stem robustness,which were 8.17 and 0.21 cm higher than those of the control,respectively;also,it improved the carbon source utilization capacity of flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere soil microorganisms,the metabolic functional diversity index Simpson index and richness index were significantly higher than other treatments;secondly,there was no significant difference in the chlorophyll content of upper,middle and lower leaves and the whole growth period of flue-cured tobacco after T2 treatment compared with the control,and the yellowing and ripening of flue-cured tobacco were not delayed.Further yield and quality statistics showed that T2 treatment could significantly increase the yield and output value by 282 kg/hm^(2),14028.90元/hm^(2) respectively.Therefore,the best ratio of 675 kg/hm^(2) of decomposed rapeseed cake fertilizer and 450 kg/hm^(2) of compound fertilizer was beneficial to increase soil biological activity and improve the yield,quality and usability of tobacco leaves.