美国数字经济治理的特点与中美竞争

The Analysis of Governance of the U.S.Digital Economy and the Relevance on China-US Relationship

数字经济作为第四次科技革命的技术驱动和主要表现形式,已成为新一轮大国博弈的重点领域。美国数字经济治理呈现出明显的阶段性、政治性、软弱性和竞争性等特征。美国立法体系对数字经济议题的立法呈现出明显的时段性特征;行政体系对数字经济的规划与治理呈现出对内关注市场要素和产业培育、对外集中精力开展对华战略竞争的特征。美国的数字经济市场是一个由少数大型科技企业占据明显优势地位而众多独角兽企业共同构成技术辅助与业务并购的总体格局。美国数字经济面临着双重挑战:一是因技术跃迁导致市场的马太效应凸显所带来的挑战;二是因数字经济的能源密集型属性而带来的挑战。美国数字经济治理的国际竞争性特点突出,一方面围绕数字服务税展开与欧洲国家的竞争,一方面在要素规模、技术范式与发展路径三个层面与中国开展博弈,以防止中国的"迭代式"赶超与差异化竞争。鉴于美国数字经济治理的国际竞争性,中国应继续坚持改革发展原则,充分发挥自身既有优势,尤其要通过培育系统性思维来协调数字经济各层级的均衡发展与融合联动,确保在当前和未来的数字经济大国博弈中始终处于主动地位。

The Digital economy,as the technology drive and main form of the fourth scientific and technological revolution,has become the key field of the new round of great power games.By analyzing the functions and roles of the separation of powers system in digital economy governance,we find that the legislation of digital economy issues in the US legislative system shows obvious stage characteristics.The administrative system’s planning and governance of digital economy presents the characteristics of focusing on market factors and industry cultivation internally and focusing on strategic competition with China externally.The judicial system’s focus on the digital economy shows the characteristics of internal market antitrust.The digital economy market of the United States is an overall pattern in which a few large technology enterprises occupy an obvious dominant position and many unicorns jointly constitute technological assistance and business merger and acquisition.In this market pattern,the US digital economy met with two challenges:one challenge brought by the prominent Matthew effect caused by technological development;the other brought by the energy-intensive nature of the digital economy.In the international competition of digital economy,the United States plays games with European countries on the digital service tax on the one hand,and to compete with China on the other hand in three aspects of factor scale,technological paradigm and development path in order to prevent China’s “iterative” catch up with differentiation competition.In the context of dual challenges and two-way pressures,the United States will undergo the test of “statecraft” in the construction of its global digital economic order.In view of this,China should continue to adhere to the principle of reform and development,give full play to its existing advantages,especially through cultivating systematic thinking to coordinate the balanced development and integration of all levels of the digital economy,to ensure that it has always been in an active position in the great power game of digital economy.