碳捕集、封存与利用技术研究进展

Research Progress of Carbon Capture,Storage and Utilization Technology

二氧化碳(CO_(2))是一种温室气体,被认为是导致全球温度升高(也称为全球变暖)的主要因素。到2040年,全球能源需求预计将比2019年增长30%,而化石燃料仍将是满足这些需求的主要能源(预计占比74%),其直接燃烧所排放的CO_(2)量也将持续增长。目前全球CO_(2)总利用量低于2亿吨/年,与每年320亿吨以上的CO_(2)排放量相比,基本可以忽略不计。因此,加快发展碳捕集、封存与利用技术,以减少CO_(2)的排放量,对于缓解全球变暖、降低其所造成的各种危害至关重要。本文回顾了近年来在碳捕集、封存与利用技术方面的研究进展,并对其未来发展进行了展望。

Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is a greenhouse gas,which is considered to be the main cause of global temperature increase(also known as global warming).By 2040,global energy demand is expected to increase by 30%compared to 2019,while fossil fuels will continue to be the main energy source(estimated to account for 74%)to meet these needs and the amount of CO_(2) emitted by direct combustion will continue to increase.At present,the total global CO_(2) utilization is less than 200 million tons per year,which is basically negligible compared with the global anthropogenic CO_(2) emissions of more than 32 billion tons per year.Therefore,accelerating the development of carbon capture,storage and utilization technologies to reduce CO_(2) emissions is essential to alleviate global warming and the various harms it causes.This paper reviews the research progress in carbon capture,storage and utilization technologies in recent years,and looks forward to its future development.