“自然化的理性主义”与“实践观”——乔姆斯基语言观与马克思语言观的哲学基础比较研究

Naturalized Rationalism and Practice View: Comparative Study on the Philosophical Foundations for Chomsky’s View of Language and for Marx’s View of Language

语言学史上存在着以经验主义为哲学基础和以理性主义为哲学基础的两种对立的语言观。经验主义语言观将经验视为知识的唯一来源,认为语言知识的获得是人类在普遍语言能力发展的基础上对语言经验进行归纳与建构的结果;理性主义语言观以抽象的理性主义原则为主导,是将语言视为脱离外在经验,脱离现实的物质生活和人们的社会交往的唯心主义语言观。语言学史上的这两种传统语言观都无法解决人类语言知识的习得问题。作为乔姆斯基语言观哲学基础的"自然化的理性主义"与作为马克思语言观哲学基础的"实践观"的共同性在于超越了经验主义传统与理性主义传统,从而解决了经验主义语言观和理性主义语言观无法解决的人类语言知识的习得问题。但乔姆斯基语言观的哲学基础与马克思语言观的哲学基础还存在着巨大差异,由此导致了二者对于语言理解的分歧。

In the history of linguistics, there exist two opposite views of language: one with empiricism as the philosophical foundation and the other with rationalism as the philosophical foundation. The empirical view of language regards experiences as the sole source of language knowledge and thinks language knowledge acquiring is the result of inducing and constructing language experiences based on the development of universal language proficiency. The rational view of language is the idealistic view of language, which is led by the principle of abstract rationalism and is separable from language experiences, material life, and social intercourse. Both of them can not solve the problem of how human being acquires language knowledge. Chomsky’s view of language with naturalized rationalism as the philosophical foundation and Max’s view of language with practice view as the philosophical foundation solved the problem of how human being acquires language knowledge, which empirical view of language and rational view of language cannot solve. The similarity for their philosophical foundations is that they have surpassed the traditional empiricism and the traditional rationalism. Meanwhile, we also need to know the differences of the philosophical foundations for Chomsky’s view of language and for Marx’s view of language, which produce their different understanding of language.