面向欲望调节力提升的现代学校美育

Modern School Aesthetic Education Facing the Promotion of Desire Regulation

欲望是支撑现代性社会存在和发展的核心元素和动力机制,但也是当代青少年学生发展中的一个困境领域与层面。受功利化思潮影响的当代青少年学生主要面临着体现过高欲望的"内卷"和体现过低欲望的"躺平"两极化困境和风险,它们分别会导致发展动力上的过激与迟滞问题。从社会欲望运行机制分析来看,美育在应对当代青少年两极化欲望困境上具有针对性的价值与意义,主要表现为:打开引发现代社会欲望的他者性封闭认识;突破传递现代社会欲望的单一语言通道束缚;填补现代社会欲望运行机制中的主体性内涵缺失;软化现代社会欲望运行机制带来的极端迷恋感或挫败感。面对这种两极化欲望困境,当代青少年需要具备对自身欲望进行系统性调节的能力。现代学校美育因而需要加强五个体系化要点:以张扬和完善学生的生命精神和主体性为中心;紧扣对当代学生面临的现代性问题的超越;培养学生"直面事物本身"的直觉认识方式;提升学生的多样化表现力和交流力;突出对学生情绪情感的激活和丰富。

Desire is the core element and dynamic mechanism supporting the existence and development of modern society, but it is also a difficult field and level in the development of contemporary young students. The contemporary young students affected by the utilitarian trend of thought are mainly faced with the dilemma and risk of polarization of “inner curl” reflecting too high desire and “lying flat” reflecting too low desire, which will lead to the problem of excessive and sluggish development power respectively. From the analysis of the operation mechanism of social desire, aesthetic education can open the closed understanding of otherness that triggers the desire of modern society, break through the shackles of a single language channel transmitting the desire of modern society, and fill the lack of subjective connotation in the operation mechanism of modern social desire, soften the extreme infatuation or frustration brought by the desire operation mechanism of modern society. Facing this dilemma of polarized desire, contemporary teenagers need to have the ability to systematically regulate their own desire. Modern school aesthetic education needs to strengthen the systematic points in five aspects, focus on publicizing and improving students’ life spirit and subjectivity, focus on surpassing the modernity problems faced by contemporary students, emphasize the cultivation of students’ intuitive understanding of “facing things themselves”, focus on improving students’ diversified expressiveness and communication ability, and highlight the activation and enrichment of students’ emotions.