国际视角下托育服务供给模式的本土化启示

Enlightenment from the Localization of the Supply Model of Childcare Services from an International Perspective

通过比较不同国家的托育供给模式,可以划分为普惠性的政府主导、商业化的市场主导、混合向的多主体导向的3种典型财政供给模式。分析我国托育供给的现状和问题,发现我国目前需要面对托育机构的供给主体偏向营利性、早期教育的公共支出偏向学前教育阶段和托育服务财政供给力不能支、供给方式单一的问题。通过比较不同国家供给路径的成效,结合我国托育发展和国情下提出本土化的建议:国家承担顶层设计与发挥兜底功能,保障托育适度普惠;"市场"承担托育多样化需求,形成托育适度覆盖;从"家庭承担""托育分离"往"普惠""托育一体化"方向发展。

By comparing the modes of childcare supply in different countries, it can be divided into three typical modes of financial supply: inclusive government-led, commercialized market-led and mixed multi-subject oriented. By analyzing the current situation and problems of the supply of China’s childcare supply, we find that China needs to face the problem of the main supply side of the supporting institutions, the public expenditure of early education, the lack of support for the supply of preschool education and the awesome supply mode. By comparing the effectiveness of supply routes in different countries, combined with the development and national conditions of childcare education in China, this paper puts forward some suggestions on localization: the state undertakes the toplevel design and gives full play to the bottom function to ensure the appropriate universal benefit of childcare education;"Market" undertakes the diversified needs of childcare education and forms an appropriate coverage of childcare education;From "family commitment" and "separation of care and education" to "universal benefit" and "integration of care and education".