论苏伊士运河战争后联合国紧急部队的维和行动(1956~1979)

The Peacekeeping Operations of the United Nations Emergency Force After the Suez Canal War

1956年10月29日,苏伊士运河战争爆发,因战争的复杂性、紧急性以及失控性,联合国对原有的“维和行动”做出调整,首支军事性维和部队——联合国紧急部队诞生。这支部队的诞生不仅是联合国维和行动的延续,还开启了联合国维和的新里程。在驻守埃及的十年内,首支联合国紧急部队通过四个阶段的维和行动,基本完成了联合国指派的两项任务:第一,监督英国、法国与以色列军队从埃及领土撤退;第二,在埃以停战线区域、西奈半岛国际停战线区域驻守巡视,充当埃以双方缓冲机制。首支联合国紧急部队在西奈地区的维和行动使冲突各方实现了军事分离,有效地维护了地区的和平与稳定,而且首支联合国紧急部队的维和历程也成为联合国应对复杂性、失控性、波及性突发战争的重要参考案例。

On October 29,1956,the Suez Canal War was broken out,because of the complexity,urgency and uncontrollable nature of war,the United Nations has adapted its original“peacekeeping operations”——the UNEF.The birth of the UNEF,is not only a continuation of the UN peacekeeping operations,but also a new milestone in peacekeeping.During its ten years in Egypt,the first UNEF largely accomplished two tasks assigned by the UN through the four-phase peacekeeping operation:The first,to oversee the withdrawal of British,French and Israeli troops from Egyptian territory;The Second,stationing and conducting patrols in the Egypt-Israel armistice line area and the international armistice line area on the Sinai Peninsula serves as a buffer mechanism between Egypt and Israel.The“peacekeeping journey of the first UNEF”has become an important reference case for the UN in dealing with complex,out-of-control and contagious emergencies.