三七各器官Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb含量特征及其健康风险评价

Content Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Various Organs of Panax notoginseng

【目的】研究不同产地三七器官Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb含量特征及转运规律,对三七块根安全性进行人体健康评估。【方法】在三七产区广东南雄、广西靖西、云南文山、云南新拓展片区采集43份三七样品,采用ICP-MS测定三七各器官-茎叶、芦头、块根、筋条和须根的Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu含量。【结果】43份三七样品中,茎叶、芦头和须根的Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu等4种重金属元素含量均依次为Cu> Cr> Pb> Cd,而块根和筋条的4种重金属元素含量依次为Cr> Cu> Pb> Cd;4种重金属含量在三七各器官表现为地下部分高于地上部分,且地下部分重金属多集中于须根。参照2020版《中华人民共和国药典》,三七各器官重金属元素均存在不同的超标现象、超标程度表现依次为Cr> Pb> Cd> Cu,三七各器官重金属元素超标率依次为须根>芦头>茎叶>块根>筋条。4种重金属从地下部分迁移到茎叶的平均转运能力依次为Pb> Cu> Cr> Cd,不同产地三七块根Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb对人体的摄入风险分别为0.37%、46.69%、3.80%、5.23%,以Cr元素健康风险较大,应加强Cr元素的摄入风险管控。【结论】研究结果可为三七药材重金属累积特征、健康安全评价及三七适宜种植地区选择提供一定理论依据。

【Objective】The study aimed to explore the content characteristics and transport rules of Cu, Cr, Cd and Pb in organs of Panax notoginseng from different producing areas, and to evaluate the safety of P. notoginseng root tubers to human health. 【Method】43 samples of P. notoginseng were collected from Nanxiong of Guangdong, Jingxi of Guangxi, Wenshan of Yunnan and New Extension area of Yunnan. The contents of Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu in stems and leaves, reed heads, tubers, tendons and fibrous roots of P. notoginseng were determined by ICP-MS.【Result】The contents of four heavy metal elements in stem, leaf, reed head and fibrous root ranked as follows: Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd;while those in tuber and tendon ranked as follows:Cr > Cu > Pb > Cd. Four heavy metals in the underground part of various organs of P. notoginseng were higher than those in the aboveground part, and the heavy metals were mostly concentrated in fibrous root of the underground part. According to the 2020 Edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, there were excessive heavy metals in different organs of P. notoginseng to different degree,and the over-standard degree of heavy metal elements ranked as follows: Cr > Pb > Cd > Cu. The over-standard rate of each organ of Panax notoginseng was fibrous root > reed head > stem and leaf > tuber > tendon. The average transport capacity of four heavy metals from underground parts to stems and leaves was as follows: Pb > Cu > Cr > Cd. The intake risks of Cu, Cr, Cd and Pb in P.notoginseng roots from different origins to the human body were 0.37%, 46.69%, 3.80% and 5.23%, respectively. Among them, Cr element had higher health risks, therefore, the control of Cr intake risk should be strengthen.【Conclusion】The study results can provide a theoretical basis for the characteristics of heavy metal accumulation, health and safety evaluation and selection of suitable planting areas of P. notoginseng.