磺胺类抗生素在畜禽粪便-土壤-植物-水系统中迁移转化研究

Study on Migration and Transformation of Sulfonamide Antibiotics in Livestock Manure-Soil-Plant-Water Systems

【目的】随着规模化畜禽养殖业的迅速发展,畜禽粪便中磺胺类抗生素污染问题目益突出。为评估畜禽粪便中磺胺类抗生素在土壤-植物-水系统中的迁移转化特性。【方法】将玉米植株种植在不施肥、施用复合肥、施用鸡粪、施用猪粪4种处理土壤上,通过旋转蒸发仪、高效液相色谱仪等仪器,测定不同处理不同时期土壤、渗滤液和植物体中磺胺类抗生素浓度,研究磺胺类抗生素在畜禽粪便-土壤系统中的吸附/解吸特性和迁移能力。【结果】在施用鸡粪和猪粪土壤中,大部分(67.65%和42.74%)磺胺类抗生素会自然分解,而未分解的磺胺类抗生素会向土壤深层迁移(12.59%、28.59%),只有少量(0.66%和1.66%)抗生素会迁移到土壤渗滤液中。根部是磺胺类抗生素中的主要累积部位,玉米果实中则未检出磺胺类抗生素。【结论】畜禽粪便中的磺胺类抗生素会通过土壤在植物体内累积,且根系是主要的累积部位,根茎类作物可能更容易受到磺胺类抗生素污染。

【Objective】With the rapid development of large-scale livestock and poultry breeding industry,the pollution of sulfonamide antibiotics in livestock and poultry manure is becoming more and more prominent.The study aims to evaluate the migration and transformation characteristics of sulfonamide antibiotics in livestock manure in soil-plant-water system.【Method】The corn plants were planted in the soil without fertilizer,compound fertilizer,chicken manure and pig manure,and the concentrations of sulfonamide antibiotics in soil,leachate and plants at different growth periods of corn were determined by rotary evaporator and high performance liquid chromatograph(HPLC),then the adsorption or desorption characteristics and migration ability of sulfonamide antibiotics in livestock manure-soil system were studied.【Result】Most(67.65%and 42.74%)of sulfonamide antibiotics in the soil where chicken manure and pig manure were applied decomposed naturally,while the undecomposed sulfonamide antibiotics migrated to the deep soil layer(12.59%and 28.59%),and only a small amount(0.66%and 1.66%)of the antibiotics migrated to the soil leachate.The root was the main accumulation part of sulfonamide antibiotics,and no sulfonamide antibiotics were detected in corn fruit.【Conclusion】Sulfonamide antibiotics in livestock manure will accumulate in plants through soil,and root is the main accumulation part,therefore,root crops may be more susceptible to sulfonamide antibiotic pollution.