饲喂有抗或无抗饲粮的黄羽肉鸡在不同日龄下肠道菌群的变化

Changes on the microbial community at different ages of Yellow⁃feathered broilers fed with or without antibiotic diets

本试验旨在研究饲喂无抗或有抗饲粮的黄羽肉鸡在不同日龄(21 d、42 d和63 d)下盲肠内容物微生物组成和多样性的变化。试验选用360只1日龄黄羽肉鸡,随机分成3组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。对照组(NC)不含饲用抗生素;抗生素组(PC)为基础饲粮+200 mg/kg的土霉素钙和250 mg/kg那西肽;小檗碱组(BBR)为基础饲粮+250 mg/kg的BBR。结果表明,1)在门水平上,BBR组42 d和63 d的盲肠内容物中厚壁菌门相对丰度均显著低于21 d,但是拟杆菌门则显著高于21 d(P<0.05);2)在属水平上,不同日龄对NC组的梭菌属和考拉杆菌属、PC组的拟杆菌属以及BBR组的拟杆菌属、未知瘤胃球菌属、未知毛螺旋菌属和乳杆菌属的相对丰度均有显著影响(P<0.05);3)不同日龄显著改变了BBR组的Shannon指数与PC组的Simpson指数(P<0.05);4)差异菌群t􀆼test分析显示,NC组21 d的粪杆菌属相对丰度显著增加,PC组在63 d的拟杆菌属相对丰度显著降低,BBR组42 d的拟杆菌属相对丰度显著增加,而63 d的未知毛螺旋菌属相对丰度则显著降低。因此,不同日龄(21 d、42 d、63 d)的快大型黄羽肉鸡盲肠内容物微生物在门水平和属水平的相对丰度以及微生物多样性均有显著差异,且随日龄增长而显著变化的肠道菌群种类因饲粮不同有所差异。

This study aimed to investigate the changes of microbial composition and diversity of cecal digesta of yellow⁃feathered broilers fed with or without antibiotic diets at different ages(21 d,42 d,and 63 d).A total of 360 one⁃day⁃old yellow⁃feathered broilers were randomly allotted 3 groups and fed a basal diet without antibiotic(NC group),or a basal diet containing 200 mg/kg oxytetracycline calcium and 250 mg/kg nasitid(PC group),or 250 mg/kg berberine(BBR group).Each treatment consisted of 6 replicates,with 20 broulers per replicate.At the phylum level,the results showed that the abundance of Firmicutes of cecal digesta of yellow⁃feathered broilers on day 42 and 63 was significantly lower than on day 21(P<0.05),while the abundance of Bacteroidetes was significantly higher(P<0.05).2)At the genus level,different ages significantly changed the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Phascolarctobacterium in NC group,Bacteroides in PC group,and Bacteroides,unidentified Ruminococcaceae,unidentified Lachnospiraceae,Lactobacillus in BBR group(P<0.05).3)The Shannon index of BBR group and Simpson index of PC group were significantly changed at different ages(P<0.05).4)The t⁃test analysis of differential microbiota showed that the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium was significantly increased in NC group at 21 d,while the abundance of Bacteroides was significantly decreased at 63 d in PC group.In BBR group,the relative abundance of Bacteroides was significantly increased at 42 d,and that of unidentified Lachnospiraceae in BBR group was significantly decreased at 63 d.Collectively,the relative abundance of microbes at the phylum level and genus level,and microbial diversity of cecal digesta in fast⁃growing yellow⁃feathered broilers were significantly different at different days of age(21,42,and 63 d),and the differential gut microbiota in response to the increasing ages varied in different diets.