喀斯特煤矸石山自然恢复植物群落研究

Study on the Natural Restoration of Plant Communities in Karst Coal Gangue Hills

为了解喀斯特地区煤矸石山自然恢复植物群落组成情况,采用经典样方法对六盘水五个煤矿区煤矸石山自然恢复定居植物群落进行了调查,经野外记录、标本采集、拍照和分类鉴定。结果发现:六盘水煤矸石山自然恢复定居植物有26科46属50种,其中优势种为戟叶酸模(Rumex hastatus)、亮叶桦(Betula luminifera)、大叶醉鱼草(Buddleja davidii)、五节芒(Miscanthus floridulus)和斑茅(Saccharum arundinaceum);优势群落是戟叶酸模群落(Rumex hastatus Com.),亮叶桦+戟叶酸模群落(Betula luminifera+Rumex hastatus Com.)和五节芒群落+斑茅(Miscanthus floridulus+Saccharum arundinaceum Com.)。研究表明以上三类自然恢复定居的植物群落能较好地适应喀斯特煤矸石山恶劣生境。

In order to clarify the composition of natural colonized plant communities of coal gangue hills in the karst area,natural plant communities of five coal mines by classical quadrat method of coal gangue hills in Liupanshui city were investigated.Meanwhile,field records,specimen collection,photographs,and classification and identification were conducted.The results showed that there were 50 species of 46 genera in 26 families natural colonized plants.In addition,it is found that Rumex hastatus,Betula luminifera,Buddleja davidii,Miscanthus floridulus and Saccharum arundinaceum were dominant species of coal gangue hills;Rumex hastatus Community,Rumex hastatus+Betula luminifera Community and Saccharum arundinaceum+Miscanthus floridulus Community were dominant communities of coal gangue hills.Therefore,above three kinds of natural colonized plant communities can better adapt to the harsh habitat of karst coal gangue hills.