印度加尔各答华人的生存困境及其原因探析--心理文化学的视角

The Dilemma for Indian Chinese in Kolkata and Its Causes--A Psychoculturalogical Analysis

论文从印度加尔各答华人社区的衰落与生存困境、印度文明传统环境下华人的生存适应与社会融入障碍、中国文化传统影响下印度华人心理文化调适的局限等方面,探讨了华人在印度社会中的心理调适过程及其心理社会均衡的实现情况。华人在印度社会遇到的是种姓制度、宗教认同和单惠型为主的交换模式,与华人的家族及宗族认同、信用借贷型为主的交往模式产生了较大冲突。这种冲突使华人与印度社会形成隔绝,并难以实现社会地位、安全、情感等方面的满足。印度华人根据生存环境调整生存策略,以符合华人基本人际状态的方式,实现心理与社会的内外交互平衡,却又加剧了其封闭性、保守性,使其未能成功利用印度社会的制度和文化谋求自我发展、实现自我革新,因而诉诸外部世界,通过再移民来寻求解决这些问题的途径和新的发展机会。这是造成印度华人社会持续衰落的内在根源。

This paper discusses psychological adjustments amongst ethnic Chinese in Kolkata and their realization of psycho-social homeostasis.It is believed that for Indian Chinese,it is difficult to achieve social status,security,emotional satisfaction,etc.,because the Hindu society bears specific characteristics such as the Caste system and religious differences,which to a large extent collide with definitive Chinese customs associated with lineage and a customized credit system,etc.Thus,Indian Chinese have adjusted their survival strategies according to social surroundings and living environments.They may achieve a psychological and social balance between internal and external human conditions,but also be confined to self-isolation.This makes it difficult for Indian Chinese to be self-innovative taking advantages of Indian culture and customs.They tend to seek new opportunities for self-development and re-immigrate to other countries.As a result,the Chinese community in India has been in perpetual decline.