信息本质差异论的含义和性质的辨析

An Analysis on the Meaning and Nature of the Difference Theory of Information Essence

[研究目的]针对国内外学术界关于信息本质的种种差异论学说进行学理性辨析,阐明其基本含义及局限,为从统一信息理论的层次上揭示信息的本质提供合理性前提。[研究方法]从信息自身的内容和存在方式的统一性尺度出发,运用文献追溯法、内容与形式的差异比较分析法对种种信息差异论学说进行条分缕析的梳理。[研究结论]学术界先后提出的“信息即变异度”“信息即约束”“信息即时空分布的不均匀性(差异性、对称破缺)”,以及“制造差异的差异”的理论,都是基于香农和维纳信息理论基础之上的一种延伸。事实上,诸如此类的学说其所关注的还仅仅是信息载体的结构化程度,而未能揭示信息自身的内容和存在方式,所以这样的一些学说都不能直接揭示信息的一般本质。要揭示信息的本质绝不能仅仅停留在载体形式的差异关系上,而必须通达于信息所呈现的事物自身的相关性质、特征、存在方式和状态的内容方面。

[Research purpose]It will provide rational premises for revealing the nature of information from the perspective of unified information theory,when making a theoretical analysis on the difference theories concerning the information essences in the domestic and foreign academic circle,and elucidating their basic meaning and limitation.[Research method]Starting from the unity of the content and the way of existence of the information,by using the methods of literature review and comparative analysis of the difference between content and form,it sorts out various theories of information difference.[Research conclusion]The doctrines of"Information is variability""Information is constraint""Information is the inhomogeneity(difference,symmetry-breaking)of space-time distribution"and"Information is the difference that makes difference"are all theoretical extensions of Shannon and Wiener's information theories.In fact,such doctrines only concern the degrees of structuration of information carriers,and fail to reveal the content and existing way of information itself.So,those doctrines cannot uncover the general nature of information directly.In order to disclose the nature of information,it is necessary to access to the content of relevant properties,characteristics,existing ways and states of the thing itself exhibited by information,rather than only to stay at the difference relationship of the carriers.