非洲马瘟诊断与防治研究进展

Research progress in the diagnosis,prevention and cure of African horse sickness

非洲马瘟是由非洲马瘟病毒引起的一种马属动物的以发热、肺和皮下水肿以及脏器出血为特征的媒介传播的烈性传染病,对养马业危害极大.非洲马瘟在世界许多国家和地区流行,且爆发风险在增加,特别是非洲马瘟无疫国/地区被传入的几率大大增加.加强相关研究对防控非洲马瘟具有重要意义.主要对非洲马瘟病毒进行了简述,对非洲马瘟的流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、病原分离与鉴定、基于病原抗原/抗体的免疫学分析和基于病原核酸的分子生物学诊断等和疫苗接种、消灭媒介、检疫监督、应急储备、搞好宣传、按规定处理疫情和感染马、对症治疗等防治方面的研究进展进行了综述,并提出了加强应急技术储备、时刻关注国外疫情、加强口岸检疫、消灭媒介、与有疫国合作研究等建议,希望为我国防控非洲马瘟提供帮助.

African horse sickness,caused by African horse sickness virus,and characterized by fever,lung and subcutaneous edema,and organ bleeding,is a vector-borne violent infectious disease of equine animals,which is extremely harmful to the horse industry.African horse sickness is endemic in many countries and regions in the world,and the risk of outbreak is increasing,especially the probability of being introduced into African horse sickness-free countries/regions has greatly increased.Strengthening relevant research is of great significance to the prevention and control of African horse sickness.This article briefly introduced African horse sickness virus, mainly reviewed the research progress in the diagnosis(it mainly includes epidemiology, clinical symptoms, pathological changes, isolation and identification of pathogen, immunological analysis based on antigen/antibody of pathogen and molecular diagnosis based on nucleic acid of pathogen, etc),prevention and cure(it mainly includes vaccination,extermination of vectors, quarantine and supervision, the reserve of emergency, good publicity, handling epidemic situations and infected horses according to regulations, expectant treatment and so on) of African horse sickness,and addressed several proposal(strengthen reserves of emergency technical, keep close watch on foreign epidemic situations, strengthen quarantine at ports, extermination of vectors, and cooperate with affected countries in research),which would provide help for the prevention and control of African horse sickness in China.