论工业革命对青年恩格斯成长的促进作用——基于恩格斯早期文献的研究

On the Promoting Effect of Industrial Revolution on Young Engels’Growth:Research Based on Engels’Early Literature

青年恩格斯在研究工业革命发展史的过程中,运用科学研究方法,分析了科学技术在资本主义社会的双重作用,进而批判了资产阶级经济学敌视人的特性,认为科学技术作为“精神要素”能够成为重要的生产力,初步形成了“生产力包含科学”这一马克思主义政治经济学的重要论断。在青年恩格斯看来,自然科学已经从中世纪解放出来而获得了自己应有的地位,处于普遍联系的发展中,自然科学与哲学、实践结合在一起,就产生了工业革命,进而诞生了资本主义的掘墓人即无产阶级。因此,青年恩格斯对工业革命及其发展成果的关注,促使他不断朝着马克思主义哲学、马克思主义政治经济学、科学社会主义的方向努力迈进,最终促进他完成了从革命民主主义者向马克思主义者的根本转变。

In the process of studying the development history of industrial revolution,young Engels used scientific research methods to analyze the dual roles of science and technology in capitalist society and then criticized the hostile characteristics of bourgeois economics,and he believed that science and technology as a spiritual element can become an important productive force.Therefore,he reached the important conclusion in Marxist political economy that productivity included science and technology.In the view of young Engels,natural science,which was in the development of universal connection,had been liberated from the constraints in the Middle Ages and obtained its due position.The combination between natural science,philosophy and practice gave birth to industrial revolution,and then the capitalist grave digger,the proletariat.Consequently,young Engels’attention to industrial revolution and its achievements prompted him to make continuous efforts towards Marxist philosophy,Marxist political economy and scientific socialism,and finally pushed him to complete the fundamental transformation from a revolutionary democrat to a Marxist.