创业团队“凭什么”促进绩效提升?——基于39家孵化器企业案例的模糊集定性比较分析

What Does the Entrepreneurial Team Do to Achieve Performance?A Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis Based on 39 Incubator Enterprise Cases

基于39家孵化器企业案例调查数据,运用模糊集定性比较分析方法(fsQCA),探析创业团队层面多因素间的互动关系及它们对创业绩效的组合效应。研究表明:促进创业绩效增加存在三条因素组合路径,而导致创业绩效降低存在四条因素组合路径;团队创业意愿对创业绩效起正向促进作用;团队性别异质性、风险倾向及家庭创业背景对创业绩效作用方向并不一致。研究结论在丰富创业团队理论的同时为创业发起者构建团队提供了实践启示。初创企业在组建团队时应该有精准的定位和目标,通过愿景勾勒和股权配置等多种形式引进优秀人才或经验丰富的从业者加入初创团队。对于孵化器运营方而言,在支持创业项目入驻时,应该着重审核创业团队的人员构成及创业意愿的评测,逐步从直接投入转变为间接投入,在提供标准化设施的同时为企业提供差异化管理服务,加强项目监管,促进优秀企业孵化和劣质项目淘汰。

Based on the survey data of 39 incubators,this paper uses Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis Method(fsQCA)to explore the interactions among multi-factors at the entrepreneurial team level and their combined effects on entrepreneurial performance.The results show that:(1)There are three combinatorial paths which promote the increase of entrepreneurial performance,and four combinatorial paths which lead to the decline of entrepreneurial performance.(2)Team entrepreneurship willingness plays a positive role in promoting entrepreneurship performance;(3)Team gender heterogeneity,risk tendency and family entrepreneurship background have different effects on entrepreneurship performance.The conclusion of this paper not only enriches the theory of entrepreneurship team,but also provides practical enlightenment for entrepreneurs to build teams.When building a team,a start-up enterprise should make clear its precise positioning and goals,and attract outstanding talents or experienced practitioners to join the team through various forms such as vision outline and equity allocation.For incubator operators,in support of entrepreneurial projects,they should focus on the assessment of entrepreneurial team composition and entrepreneurial willingness,gradually shift from direct to indirect input.Meanwhile,in the provision of standardized facilities,incubator operators could provide differentiated management services for the enterprises,strengthen supervision and promote the incubation of the excellent enterprises and the elimination of the inferior enterprises.