2021年1月上海市一起新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的流行病学调查与应急处置

Epidemiological investigation of a coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic and emergency response in Shanghai

【目的】分析上海市一起新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情的流行病学调查和应急处置措施。【方法】采用描述性流行病学方法,对上海市黄浦区2021年1月20日COVID-19本地疫情的时间、人群、地区分布等流行病学特征进行描述,并分析应急处置过程中的经验、优势和不足。【结果】本次涉及的22例病例均为主动筛查时发现,包括高风险人群筛查(18.2%,4/22)、中风险地区筛查(9.1%,2/22)和密切接触者排摸(72.7%,16/22)等;最早发现的2例病例为2家不同医院院内工作人员例行核酸筛查时检出;确诊病例(45.5%,10/22)密集出现于疫情前3天,主要分布于黄浦区C小区;疫情发生后,黄浦区共涉及6个重点场所或区域,经专业研判后按照不同的封闭措施开展精细化管控;经过应急防控及精准处置,本轮疫情自发现第1例(2021年1月21日)至最后1例确诊病例(2021年2月4日)的时间间隔为14 d,无新发关联病例出现。【结论】主动筛查和早期发现对及时控制疫情起关键性作用,该起COVID-19疫情采用的应急处置措施用最小的成本、最高的效率及最有限的城市影响,快速有效地控制疫情蔓延及发展,可为今后城市中开展疫情防控提供参考。

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological investigation results and emergency response to a coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic in Shanghai.[Methods]Descriptive epidemiological method was used to describe the epidemiological characteristics,such as population,time and spatial distribution of a COVID-19 epidemic on January 20,2021 in Huangpu District of Shanghai.The advantages and disadvantages of the emergency response to this epidemic were analyzed.[Results]All of the 22 cases were found by active screening,which included high-risk population screening(18.2%,4/22),medium-risk area screening(9.1%,2/22),and close contact population screening(72.7%,16/22).The first 2 cases were detected by routine nucleic acid screening for staff in two hospitals.The confirmed cases appeared mostly during the first 3 days of the epidemic(45.5%,10/22),and mainly distributed in the neighborhood C of Huangpu district.There were 6 key locations or regions of Huangpu District involved in this epidemic,and different control measures were adopted in these different regions according to the risk assessments.After precise epidemic prevention and control,it took only 14 days from the first to the last confirmed case of this epidemic(from January 21,2021 to February 4,2021),and no new related cases appeared afterwards.[Conclusion]Active screening and early finding of COVID-19 cases play a key role in timely control of the epidemic,with the smallest cost,the highest efficiency and the most limited urban impact.