商标专用权概念考辨

On The Concept of Exclusive Right to Use Trademark in The Chinese Trademark Law

“商标专用权”是我国清末从日本移植的术语,自近代立法一直沿用至今。从近代语源来看,商标专用权是指商标注册之后产生的排他权利,并非指区别于“禁用权”的“单纯使用权”,也没有排除许可、转让等权能的含义。权利保护范围超出权利界定的表述,是知识产权的共性,不是商标权的特点,也不是商标专用权表述的缺陷。把商标权完全表述为禁用权、以统合权利界定与保护范围,在理论上存在缺陷,因为权利应当表述为自由,不能表述为不自由。

"商标专用权(exclusive right to use trademark)"is a legal term borrowed from Japanese in late Qing dynasty,and has kept being used in trademark legislations of China since then.The original meaning of"exclusive right to use trademark"was the whole exclusive right granted for registered trademark,not the partial right just to use trademark which is different from the right to prevent others from using trademark or the right to license and transfer trademark.The scope of preventing is to some extent beyond the positive definition of right is a characteristic shared by all kinds of intellectual property.It's not the particular nature of trademark right,nor the convictive argument for criticizing the expression of"exclusive right to use trademark".It's not reasonable to define trademark right as a negative right to prevent other's use for the purpose of unifying the scope of preventing and the definition of this right,because legal right should be positively defined as freedom instead of limitation to freedom.