我国蜂蜜生产现状及国内外市场形势分析

Chinese honey production status and the market situation at home and abroad

【目的】调查我国蜂蜜生产现状及国内外市场蜂蜜国内外市场形势,为我国蜂产业健康发展提供参考。【方法】依据FAO、国家统计局和中国海关相关蜂群和蜂蜜统计数据,整理分析了1978—2019年我国蜂群数量、蜂蜜产量和产区、蜂蜜进出口贸易和居民消费水平的发展趋势,掌握我国蜂蜜生产现状及进出口贸易等情况,并分析存在问题。【结果】1978—2019年我国蜂群数量、蜂蜜产量和蜂蜜平均每群产量总体均呈上升趋势,其年均增长率分别为1.85%、4.44%和2.54%。我国蜂蜜产量地区分布不平衡,主要分布在华东地区、华中地区和西南地区,其中,浙江、河南和四川的蜂蜜产量在全国处于领先地位,2019年这3个省份蜂蜜产量占全国蜂蜜产量的40.72%。1978—2019年,我国蜂蜜出口量及其占全球蜂蜜出口量比例波动较大,蜂蜜出口显示性比较优势指数总体呈显著下降趋势,国际竞争力逐渐降低,且出口市场太过依赖于欧盟和日本,其他国际市场有待开发。我国蜂蜜进口量在我国蜂蜜消费中所占比例较低,人均蜂蜜表观消费量相对较低,基本维持在240 g左右,与发达国家相比还存在很大差距。目前,我国蜂产业还存在以下问题行业不受重视,从业人员少且生产落后,蜜粉资源开发力度不够,养蜂生产形式单一;蜂蜜生产缺乏统一的行业标准,蜂蜜品质低;蜂蜜国内外市场开发力度不够,国际竞争力较低。【建议】呼吁政府加大对养蜂业的重视和建设力度,社会各界共同探索发展现代化养蜂的新模式;应加强蜂蜜市场监督力度,树立行业标准,提高产品质量,促进蜂蜜产业良性发展;改变固有经营模式,创新经营机制,拓展国际国内两个市场;转变我国传统的养蜂观念,促进蜂产业向多元化方向发展。

【Objective】To clarify the status of Chinese honey production and the honey market at home and abroad,and to provide a reference for the healthy development of China’s bee industry.【Method】Based on the relevant bee colony and honey statistics data of FAO,the National Bureau of Statistics and China Customs,this paper classified and analyzed the development trend of bee colony number,honey production and production area,the honey import and export trade and residents’consumption level from 1978 to 2019,so as to understand the honey production status and import and ex-port situation in China.【Result】From 1978 to 2019,the number of bee colonies,honey production and average honey production per colony in China showed an upward trend,with an average annual growth rate of 1.85%,4.44%and 2.54%,respectively.The regional distribution of honey production in China is unbalanced,mainly distributed in East China,Central China and Southwest China.Among them,Zhejiang,Henan and Sichuan lead the country in honey produc-tion,accounting for 40.72%of the country’s honey output in 2019.From 1978 to 2019,China’s honey export volume and its proportion in the global honey export volume fluctuated greatly.The revealed comparative advantage index of Chi-nese honey export showed a significant downward trend and the international competitiveness gradually decreased.Be-sides,the export market was overly dependent on the European Union and Japan,and other international markets were waiting for development.The proportion of honey imported for consumption in China is low and the domestic consump-tion of honey is relatively low,basically maintaining at about 240 g per capita,which is substantially lower than in developed countries.At present,the apiculture industry in China is still neglected,with few employees and the use of unmodernized methods for production,an in sufficient exploitation of honey powder as a product,and the single production form of bee-keeping.Honey production lacks unified industry standards and the honey quality is low.The resources applied to the de-velopment of the Chinese honey market at home and abroad areinsufficient and the international competitiveness is low.These and other problems need to be urgently addressed by the industry.【Suggestion】Call on the government to strengthen the construction of apiculture with the mobilization of all sectors of society to jointly explore a new model for the deve-lopment of modern bee keeping in China.This needs to be directed towards strengthening market supervision,the estab-lishment of industry standards,and improving product quality topromote the healthy development of China’s honey in-dustry.Changes in the current business model and the adoption of more innovative management mechanisms are needed to expand the international and domestic markets.Together,this will change the traditional concept of bee keeping in China and promote the development of the bee industry in the direction of diversification.