广西农业生态经济系统动态评价

Dynamic evaluation of agricultural eco-economic system in Guangxi

【目的】动态评价广西农业生态经济系统运行效率和可持续发展状况,为广西农业可持续发展提供对策建议。【方法】运用能值分析理论和方法,从能值投入、能值产出、系统评价三大方面建立33个指标,深入研究2000—2019年广西农业生态经济系统能值投入、产出情况和运行状况,并对农业绿色GDP进行核算;同时将广西的研究结果与全国平均水平、贵州、云南进行比较。【结果】2000—2019年广西农业生态经济系统总投入能值和总产出能值分别增加9.54%和44.61%,辅助能值投入不足制约了农业资源开发利用效率。农业处于自然资源高度依赖型和劳动密集型的传统发展阶段,特色优势产业不突出。尽管系统处于可持续发展状态,但不够稳定,尤其是2015年以来,可持续性指数下降38.85%,表明系统仍面临较大的环境压力。人均能值用量和能值密度偏低制约了农民生活水平和农业经济发展。农业绿色GDP占比较低,且从2000年的60.13%逐渐下降至2019年的47.73%。广西农业生态经济系统的可持续性指数高于全国平均水平和贵州,但低于云南;农业绿色GDP占比高于全国,但低于贵州和云南。【建议】提升农业劳动力素质、增加农业机械和科技投入,发展生态循环农业;优化能值投入结构,提升农业资源开发利用效率,维持农业生态经济系统可持续发展状态;充分利用森林和海洋资源,打造特色休闲农业、森林生态旅游和海洋农牧场,实现农业生态产品价值。

【Objective】The operating efficiency and sustainable development status of agricultural eco-economic sys-tem in Guangxi were evaluated dynamically,to provide countermeasures and suggestions for the sustainable development of agriculture in Guangxi.【Method】Used emergy analysis theories and methods,33 indicators were established from three aspects:emergy input,emergy output,and system evaluation,to in-depth study the emergy input,output and system operation status of Guangxi’s agricultural eco-economic system from 2000 to 2019,and calculate the agricultural green GDP.Compared the research results of Guangxi with the national average level and Guizhou,Yunnan.【Result】From 2000 to 2019,the total input emergy and total output emergy of Guangxi’s agricultural eco-economic system increased by 9.54%and 44.61%respectively.The insufficient auxiliary emergy input restricted the efficiency of agricultural resource development and utilization.Agriculture was in a traditional development stage that was highly dependent on natural re-sources and labor-intensive,and characteristic and advantageous industries were not prominent.Although the system was in a state of sustainable development,it was not stable enough.Especially since 2015,the sustainability index had dropped by 38.85%,indicating that the system was still facing great environmental pressure.The per capita emergy con-sumption and emergy density were low,which restricted farmers’living standards and agricultural economic develop-ment.The proportion of agricultural green GDP was relatively low,and it had gradually decreased from 60.13%in 2000 to 47.73%in 2019.The sustainability index of Guangxi’s agricultural eco-economic system was higher than the national average and Guizhou,but lower than Yunnan;the proportion of agricultural green GDP was higher than the national ave-rage,but lower than Guizhou and Yunnan.【Suggestion】By improving the quality of agricultural labor,increasing invest-ment in agricultural machinery and technology,developing ecological circular agriculture,optimize the structure of emergy input,improve the efficiency of agricultural resource development and utilization,and maintain the sustainable develop-ment of the agricultural eco-economic system.Making full use of forest and marine resources,to create characteristic leisure agriculture,forest eco-tourism and marine farms and pastures,and realize the value of agricultural ecological products.