外泌体miRNA在口腔疾病中的研究进展

Research progress of exosomal miRNA in oral diseases

外泌体是活细胞分泌至细胞外基质的纳米级囊泡,在细胞之间的物质交换和信号转导方面发挥重要作用,能将其携带的脂质、蛋白质、核酸传递至受体细胞,调节受体细胞的生理、病理过程。微小RNA(microRNA、miRNA)作为外泌体中重要的“货物”被转运至受体细胞,调控受体细胞信号通路,从而对疾病的进展起着调节的作用。近年来,外泌体miRNA在牙周疾病、黏膜相关疾病、口腔癌等疾病中的研究日益增多。本文就外泌体miRNA在口腔疾病中的调控机制进行综述,并讨论外泌体miRNA作为生物标志物在口腔疾病诊断中的潜在前景。

Exosomes are nano-scale vesicles secreted by living cells into the extracellular matrix,and they play an important role in material exchange and signal transduction between cells.It can transfer the lipids,proteins,and nucleic acids to the recipient cells through ligand binding,phagocytosisand plasma membrane fusion,and regulate the physiological and pathological processes of the recipient cells.As an important"cargo"in exosomes,microRNAs are transported to recipient cells and participate in gene transcription and regulatory signaling pathways,thereby regulating the development of diseases.In recent years,research on exosomal miRNAs in periodontal diseases,mucosal-related diseases,oral cancer and other diseases has been increasing.This article reviewed the regulatory mechanisms of exosomal miRNAs in oral diseases,and discussed the potential prospects of exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers in the diagnosis of oral diseases.