流感相关中枢神经系统并发症研究进展

Research Progress on Influenza-related Complications of the Central Nervous System

流感病毒是一种传染性强、传播速度快,可引起急性呼吸道感染的病毒。流感病毒感染后主要引起上呼吸道系统疾病,也可能导致肺炎等临床症状。近年来,流感相关中枢神经系统并发症逐渐引起了国际上的关注,美国、英国、澳大利亚、日本、中国台湾、中国香港等国家和地区均有相关的病例报道。其中大部分中枢神经系统并发症为热性惊厥,症状较轻,预后普遍良好,但由于各种原因少部分患者可能患流感相关脑病/脑炎,其中急性坏死性脑病死亡率较高并可能导致患者长久神经后遗症,因此应得到医疗工作者的重视。本文围绕流感中枢神经系统并发症,介绍其发病特征、易感人群、诊断与治疗等方面研究进展。

Influenza viruses are highly contagious,fast-transmitting,and cause acute respiratory infections.Upon infection of the upper respiratory system,complications such as pneumonia can occur.In recent years,influenza-induced central nervous system(CNS)complications have attracted attention in the USA,UK,Australia,Japan,Taiwan(China),Hong Kong(China)and other countries or regions.Among them,influenzarelated encephalopathy/encephalitis has a high mortality rate and may lead to long-term neurologic sequelae in patients.This article focuses on the CNS diseases caused by influenza.It also discusses the characteristics of such diseases,susceptible populations,differential diagnoses and treatments.